07/07/07

AI-Wa Budo Day Course. Open to all! Venue: Sports Hall Tanbridge School, Guildford Road, Horsham, West Sussex. Time: 10am-2pm. Cost £12.00 Seniors £8.00 Juniors £6.00 (Low grade 'pee-wee' Juniors for two hours 10am-12pm). Instruction in Tong-Long-Sau (Northern Shaolin Praying Mantis); Instructed by Gary E Swift (7^th Dan) Kyoshi. Tensho Chi & Chi Development for the Martial Artist; Instructed by Paul Elliott (6th Dan) Renshi. Bo-Jutsu; Instructed by Graham Chuck (6^th Dan) Renshi. Kempo-San/Nunchaku; Instructed by Dave Parkinson 4th Dan. Please bring with you: Bo staff (or broom handle, if intending on training in Bo-jutsu), Nunchaku, if intending on training in Nunchaku, Licence for signing or Course Attendance Record Sheet, and packed-lunch.

About Tensho Chi: Tensho Chi Combat is based on the Kata Tensho and is a highly developed form of Self Defence consisting of short and long range Defence System. Tensho Chi Combat is a complete system using strikes, arm and wrist locks, pushing hand techniques using the attacker's energy against themselves. Tensho Chi Combat is a unique form of Martial Art. All the Kata (Forms) are based upon a set of movements. Each Kata is performed according to its own 'Way' or feel. The application of each Kata is then taught the Kata 'Way'. One movement from one Kata may be a very hard technique. The same movement from another Kata could be done very softly. These same movements could also be used for escaping, restraining and using the person's energy against them. When using these forms in a Combat way the student can flow freely from one movement or could sense or feel the attacker type of movement, depending on what type of attack was being made. Within the system, strikes and counters are made to various energy centres (chakras) and energy pathways (meridians). This has the result of disabling an attacker without using excess force. This of course takes years of practicing the Kata and using appropriate exercises. To be able to perfect these skills one must be very aware about the use of one's chi and know it, and that it can be controlled. Tensho Chi Combat is a Martial Art that uses Hard & Soft techniques that are used in both Chinese and Japanese Martial Arts. Within these applications are also psychological, meditation and visualisation techniques used to avoid confrontation. One has to have an inner calm, and inner awareness to be able to perform these techniques under pressure in a way which is effective.

About Tong-Long Chuan: The Praying Mantis fist system of Kung-fu. Named after the founder, Wong-Long, after he had witnessed seeing a fight between a grasshopper and a praying-mantis. The style originated at the Northern Shaolin Temple in 1644 during the Manchurian takeover. Wong-Long would always be defeated by his peers in contests, so he decided to retire and meditate on his faults and weakness'. During one of his periods of meditation, he noticed a battle for survival going on right next to him on the grass. It was a fight between a cicada, a type of grasshopper, and a praying mantis. The cicada was much larger than the mantis, but the mantis was being systematic in its attacks, moving in a distinct pattern, striking and clawing from both sides. The cicada, totally confused and finally beaten, flew away. Wong-Long was so impressed by this fight that he captured the insect and took it back home for further study. He noticed that the creature could claw and grasp in every direction, coping with almost every aspect of attack. The monk provoked the insect by prodding it, set other insects onto it, until he decided to put the creature's techniques into his own practice. Wong-Long devised a system of fighting based on the mantis's movements. After almost two years of intense training in his new system, he decided to put his theories to the test. He returned to the monastery and fought and defeated the monks at the next contest. To celebrate the success of this, the Shaolin abbot named Wong-Long's fighting technique Tong-Long. Wong Long had studied 17 other martial-art styles and decided to incorporate some of the fundamental techniques within his system. Wong Long formed a 12 Key Formula consisting of Ou (hook), Lou (grapple), Tsai (pluck), Kwa (upward block), Tiao (intercept), Peng (chop), Chan (contact), Nien (cling), Tieh (tag), Kao (lean), Shan (dodge), Teng-Nuo (bounce).

About Bo-jutsu: 'Staff method'. The skill, or art, of the Bo. BO = Japan. 'Staff', 'shaft', 'stick', 'wood', 'wooden'. The long-staff used in some Japanese and Okinawan martial-arts. Originally used by Okinawan farmers for carrying loads upon the shoulders. Normally 72 inches long (183 cm). Known as the Rokushaku-bo. The anatomy of the Bo includes Kontei (end/s), and Chukonbu (middle).

About Nunchaku: NUNCHAKU = Japan. 'Two-sectioned wooden flail'. Originally an Okinawan farm tool where two lengths of wood, sometimes one shorter than the other, were tied together with a cord (normally hair). During the Japanese occupation of the Ryukyu Islands, it developed into the weapon we are familiar with today. The late Bruce Lee bringing it to fame, and to the World's attention, in the film Enter the Dragon etc. Many variants have occurred since, but all have the same theme. One of the five main weapons used in Okinawan martial-arts. The anatomy of a Nunchaku includes Himo (rope, cord), Konto (top), Ana (rope hole), Jokonbu (upper area, nearest Konto), Chukonbu (middle area), Kikonbu (lower area, nearest Kontei), Kontei (shaft end). Also known as Nunchaku-kun.

More instructors to be included!

08/07/07

Wadokai England Open Judges/Referees Course. Instructor: Vince Parker 5th Dan. Price: £15. Venue/Details: TBA.

09/07/07

Bridgwater Kata Session. Instructor: Gary E Swift (7th Dan) Kyoshi. 6-9pm.

14/07/07

OPEN WADO KARATE COURSE with SAKAGAMI KUNIAKI HONBUCHO. Postponed, due to lack of response, until further notice. Further details, please contact: Southern Wado-Ryu Karate Academy. Email: nickswka@... Tel: 01243–536814. Mob: 07890-248316.

15/07/07

15/07/07 WADO OPEN KATA COURSE at Tanbridge School, Guildford Road, Horsham, West Sussex. Time: 10am-1pm. Price £10.00 Seniors £8.00 Juniors. Instructor Paul Elliott 6th Dan. This is your chance to brush up on your Kata for the S.E.M.K.A Kata Championships. More details contact Paul Elliott 6th Dan. Tel: 01403 218327/07778058482. Email semka@...

15/07/07

Central England 11th Open Karate Championships, to be held at University Of Wolverhampton Walsall sport Centre. For details and entry form contact Stennett 07958-494602 or email karate@.... Stennett Harvey 4th Dan. Chief Instructor CEWKA. Email: www.cewka.co.uk

21 & 22/07/07

Wadokai England Open Wado Championships (aka The Rivermead Event). FULL JUNIOR & SENIOR CATEGORIES. TOP RANKED REFEREES AND JUDGES. TOP CLASS TROPHIES AND PRIZES. STRICTLY NO ENTRIES ON THE DAY. Venue: The Rivermead Leisure Complex, Richfield Avenue, Reading, RG1 8EQ. For details please contact: Sue Ryde 5th Dan. Email: sryde1@... All applications to: Tom Clarke. 52 Springhill Lane, Penn, Wolverhampton, West Midlands. WV4 4SP. Email: tomafb@...

25/07/07

Mountain Warriors present: Two open courses in Okinawan Kobudo on Sunday 24th June and Sunday 25th July 2007. Hosted by Sensei Richard Gillies, Jiu Tai Jutsu, Aiki Jutsu, Goju Ryu Karate Sensei Dave Clark, Jiu Tai Jutsu, Bujinkan Ninjutsu, Shotokan Karate www.mountainwarriors.co.uk Salfords Village Hall, Honeycrock Lane, Salfords, Surrey. Open to all students aged 12 and over. INSTRUCTORS may retain £5 for each of their students who attend 1-5pm : All grades - £20 per course or £30 for both loan weapons will be provided on the day. Weapons being taught; 24th June - Bo, Tonfa and Kubotan 25th July - Sai, Kama and Nunchaku. Please call 07742 056 154 for full details. If you are not able to make the course but would be interested in us either hosting a course for your students or private lessons please e-mail us on Enquiry@... Courses can be run on Okinawan weaponry, Japanese weaponry locking, throwing and restraint techniques ground fighting, Pressure point striking, Meditation and personal development, Field craft, Judo.

28/07/07

British Wadokai Black-belt Gradings. Open to all AI-Wa/British Wadokai Members who are following the British Wadokai's Grade Syllabus Requirements. Venue: Bridgwater Bushi Karate Club, Bridgwater, Somerset. Time: 11.30am-2pm. Written examination; 11.30am-1pm. Practical examination; 1-2pm. Chief Examiner GE Swift 7^th Dan. Applications to be in at least one month prior to grading date. Details from Gary E Swift 7^th Dan. Tel: 01752-493210/07719-773898. Email: Garyswift@... Find us on: www.wadokai.co.uk

MINIMUM TRAINING REQUIREMENTS: SHODAN: From 1^st Kyu to 1^st Dan/Kohai-Shodan = 9 months. NIDAN: From 1^st Dan to 2^nd Dan = 24 months. SANDAN: From 2^nd Dan to 3^rd Dan = 36 months. YODAN: From 3^rd Dan to 4^th Dan = 48 months. GODAN: From 4^th Dan to 5^th Dan = 60 months.

NB: AI-Wa Application must also be accompanied by the required Standardisation/Wado Course Training History Sheet. Minimum requirements: 3 Courses for 1^st Dan, 6 Courses for 2^nd Dan, and 9 Courses for 3^rd Dan, etc. For further details please refer to the AI-Wa Constitution. British Wadokai Standardisations are also held every Tuesday nights at the weekly Advanced Training sessions at the Pomphlett Dojo.

Application forms available from your Club Instructor or from the AI-Wa Licensing Office. You can also download an application form from our website: uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/Alliance-of-International-Wadoryu/ For information on FREE Full and Associate Membership, please contact the AI-Wa President Gary E Swift 7^th Dan. Tel: 01752-493210/07719-773898. Email: Garyswift@...

04/08/07

Open Muto-dori and Tanto-dori Course. Instructor: Gary E Swift (7th Dan) Kyoshi. Time: 10am-1pm. Information: Venue: Shin Ichi Do Club, Hut 15, Tilgate Forest Recreation Centre, Crawley, Sussex. RH11 9BQ. Directions: From Junction 11 of the M23 motorway (Pease Pottage) take the A23 dual carriageway north towards Crawley. A new traffic light junction has been installed on the dual carriage way leading down from Pease Pottage junction on M23. Travelling down hill from Pease Pottage towards Crawley, turn right at first set of lights, then right again onto track leading to the club. Swerve around anti-traveller barriers and continue to Hut 15. If you have GPS the NGR reference is: TQ269345 and the postcode of the 'K2' Leisure Centre which is close by is: RH11 9BQ once you reach 'K2' you will need to fork right up the narrow access road to the Tilgate Recreational Centre and Hut 15. A map may be found on Multimap For further details & booking (due to limited number spaces available), please contact: Paul Elliott 6th Dan 01403-218327 semka@...

05/08/07

British Wadokai Open Advanced Kata Course. Instructor: Gary E Swift (7th Dan) Kyoshi. Bassai upwards standardised to British Wadokai requirements. Also, learn a new Kata! Venue: Chesworth Junior School. Kingslea. Horsham. West Sussex. RH13 5PS. Time: 10am-1pm. Cost £10 per student. For further details please contact: Gary E Swift (7th Dan) Kyoshi. Tel: 01752-493210/07719-773898. Email: garyswift@...

12/08/07

Korean Eagles Taekwondo Demonstration Team. The Korean Eagles will be in Plymouth for 4 weeks from the 30th July. On the 12th of August they will be doing a large demo at the Plymouth Guildhall along with 4 other local marshal arts clubs. (Plympton Shotokan Karate Club, Hanimau Martial Arts, Plymouth Ronin Kai and Wildkick). If you or anyone you know would like tickets please call any evening on 01752-335020 or 01752-240028 or 01752-407524 or 01752-509373. Tickets are priced at Family £20. Adult £8. Children £6.

21/09/07

MABON – Equinox. The last Sabbat of the year, Mabon, is named for the Welsh God who is called the 'great son.' This festival is celebrated at the autumn equinox and marks the second of the three harvests. Apple and berry harvesting, cemetery visitations, and wine making are a central feature of this observance. In Welsh mythology, Mabon was stolen from his mother when he was three days old and taken to live in the dark underworld until rescued in the spring. This myth underscores the fact that after this night of balance, darkness emerges triumphant over the light, and will remain so until Ostara.

22/09/07

Sensei Sakagami Honbucho Open Wadokai England Course. Hosted by the Alliance of International Wado-ryu (AI-Wa). Venue: Tanbridge House School Sports Hall, Horsham, Sussex. Time: 12-4pm. Cost: Seniors £15. Juniors £10. There will also be a special 1-hour session for pee-wee and young Juniors (under 8) £5.00 from 12-1pm. For further details, please contact: Paul Elliott 6th Dan 01403-218327 semka@... or Gary E Swift (7th Dan) Kyoshi. Tel 01752-493210. Email: garyswift@...

22/09/07

Wadokai England Southern Yudan Gradings. Open to all Wadokai England Members. Venue: Tanbridge House School Sports Hall, Horsham, Sussex. Time: 4pm. Chief Examiner Sensei K Sakagami Honbucho. Applications to be in at least one month prior to grading date. Details from Gary E Swift 7^th Dan. Tel: 01752-493210/07719-773898. Email: Garyswift@... Find us on: www.wadokai.co.uk

MINIMUM TRAINING REQUIREMENTS: SHODAN: From 1^st Kyu to 1^st Dan/Kohai-Shodan = 9 months. NIDAN: From 1^st Dan to 2^nd Dan = 24 months. SANDAN: From 2^nd Dan to 3^rd Dan = 36 months. YODAN: From 3^rd Dan to 4^th Dan = 48 months. GODAN: From 4^th Dan to 5^th Dan = 60 months.

NB: AI-Wa Application must also be accompanied by the required Standardisation/Wado Course Training History Sheet. Minimum requirements: 3 Courses for 1^st Dan, 6 Courses for 2^nd Dan, and 9 Courses for 3^rd Dan, etc. For further details please refer to the AI-Wa Constitution. British Wadokai Standardisations are also held every Tuesday nights at the weekly Advanced Training sessions at the Pomphlett Dojo.

Application forms available from your Club Instructor or from the AI-Wa Licensing Office. You can also download an application form from our website: uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/Alliance-of-International-Wadoryu/ For information on FREE Full and Associate Membership, please contact the AI-Wa President Gary E Swift 7^th Dan. Tel: 01752-493210/07719-773898. Email: Garyswift@...

23/09/07

29/09/07

29 & 30/09/07

WadoEXL – Probably the Biggest Wado Extravaganza of the Year! Shrewsbury Sports Village, Sundorne Road, Shrewsbury, Shropshire.

29th September: Master class. Instructors include; K Sakagami 7th Dan, D Allsop 7th Dan, P May 6th Dan, plus other invited instructors. Price: Adults £25, Juniors £18. Please book in advance to avoid disappointment. Everyone pre-booked on this course will receive a free programme for the next day WadoEXL Championships. Closing date for pre-booking is the 15th September 2007. Or pay on the day. Instructors include K. Sakagami 7th Dan, D. Allsop 7th Dan, P. May 6th Dan. Other high grade instructors will also be instructing. Date: - Saturday 29th September 2007. Time: - 1.15-4.45pm. Place: - Shrewsbury sports village, Sundorne Road, Shrewsbury. Cost Under 16's - £18.00. Over 16's - £25.00. Make all cheques payable to WadoEXL. Order from the registration officer: - Frank Johnson, 1 Willow Park, Minsterley, Shrewsbury, Shropshire. SY5 0EH www.wadoexl.info

30th September: Competition. Competition entry Information: To enter WadoEXL is very easy. Just decide on which categories you wish to enter, write them on a piece of paper with your name, address and association name in block capitals or download the form below. Please print clearly and underline any competitor's names that are in more than one category. Then post to the registration officer together with your registration fees. Your tickets will be sent back to you recorded delivery. We can not refund contestants that do not turn up on the day. All entries must be returned by the 15th of September 2007. All 1st 2nd and 3rd places will receive metal trophies. Registration fees Children girls/boys events £10.00 per entry. Adult male/female £13.00 per entry. Ohtsuka cup (Black belt only adults only) £15.00 per entry. Team events £20.00 per team (3+1)

Categories You can enter as many categories as you wish but please underline any competitor's names that are in more than one category as this will help us to plan out the day's schedule.
KATA
Cat01 – Up to 10 years below 3rd Kyu mixed
Cat02 – Up to 10 years 3rd Kyu and above mixed
Cat03 – 11-15 years below 3rd Kyu mixed
Cat04 – 11-15 years 3rd Kyu and above mixed
Cat05 – 11-15 years 3rd Kyu and above Girls
Cat05 – 11-15 years 3rd Kyu and above Boys
Cat06 – Over 16's below 3rd Kyu mixed
Cat07 – Over 16's 3rd Kyu and above Ladies
Cat08 – Over 16's 3rd Kyu and above Men
Cat09 – Over 40's any grade mixed
Cat10 – Team Kata over 16's any grade Ladies
Cat11 – Team Kata over 16's any grade Men
Cat12 – Ohtsuka Cup over 18+ Black Belt only Ladies
Cat13 – Ohtsuka Cup over 18+ Black Belt only Men
KUMITE
Cat14 – Up to 10 years below 4"-2" Girls
Cat15 – Up to 10 years above 4"-2" Girls
Cat16 – Up to 10 years above 4"-2" Boys
Cat17 – Up to 10 years below 4"-2" Boys
Cat18 – 11-13 years under 45Kg Girls
Cat19 – 14-15 years under 45Kg Girls
Cat20 – 11-13 years over 45Kg Girls
Cat21 – 14-15 years over 45Kg Girls
Cat22 – 11-13 years under 45Kg Boys
Cat23 – 14-15 years under 45Kg Boys
Cat24 – 11-13 years over 45Kg Boys
Cat25 – 14-15 years over 45Kg Boys
Cat26 – 11-13 years under 50Kg Boys
Cat27 – 11-13 years over 50Kg Boys
Cat28 – Cadets 16-17 years Girls
Cat29 – Cadets 16-17 years Boys
Cat30 – 18+ Ladies 3rd Kyu and above
Cat31 – 18+ Ladies below 3rd Kyu
Cat32 – 18+ Men 3rd Kyu and above up to 70Kg
Cat33 – 18+ Men 3rd Kyu and above over 70Kg
Cat34 – Men over 35 years
Cat35 – Ohtsuka Cup 18+ Black Belt only Men
Cat36 – Ohtsuka Cup 18+ Black Belt only Ladies
TEAMS (3 Persons + 1 Reserve)
Cat37 – Adult male below 3rd Kyu
Cat38 – Adult male 3rd Kyu and above
Cat39 – Mixed sex 10 years and below any grade
Cat40 – Girls 11-14 years any grade
Cat41 – Boys 11-14 years any grade
Cat42 – Cadet Girls 16-17 years any grade
Cat43 – Cadet Boys 16-17 years any grade
Cat44 – Women 18+ Any grade.

*PLEASE WRITE CLEARLY WHEN SENDING YOUR ENTRIES IN AND ALWAYS USE BLOCK CAPITALS THANK YOU! Send all entries to the registration officer: - Cheques payable to WadoEXL. Frank Johnson, 1 Willow Park, Minsterley, Shrewsbury, Shropshire. SY5 0EH. Tel: 01743 790996. Mobile: 07944643477. Email: registrationofficer@...

30/09/07

Kenkyukai Anniversary Course. Venue: Kashi Besso Karate Club. Oak Villa Sports & Social Club, Ferndale Road, Plymouth, Devon. Instructors: Gary E Swift (7th Dan) Kyoshi, Graham Chuck (6^th Dan) Renshi. Details: Graham Chuck (6^th Dan) Renshi. Tel: 07956-963223. Email: kenkyukai@... Web: www.clik.to/wkk AI-Wa http://www.wadokai.co.uk/

07/10/07

British Open Karate Championships. Organised by the British Institute Karate Organisation (BIKO). Venue: Grundy Park Leisure Centre, Cheshunt, Hertfordshire. Foe details please contact Alan Beale (BIKO Secretary) on: 01227-369212. www.bik.org.uk

28/10/07

Imperial Karate Presents. October 28th - Traditional Karate Magazine presents - UK Karate Champions League, Event 1 - Rivermead Leisure Village, Reading. For further details, please contact: Simon O'Brien 5th Dan Chief Instructor, AMA National Squad Head Coach. Imperial Karate Club. C/O 14 Marjoram Way, Village Quarter, Portishead. BS20 7JF. Email: http://www.imperialkarate.com

03/11/07

Traditional Wado National Kata Championships. Open to all AI-Wa Wado Organisations, Clubs and individuals who practise the 'traditional' Wado Karate Kata as practised within the three main Wado Schools (JKF-Wadokai, Wado International Karate Federation (WIKF), Wado-Renmei/Academy), etc. Hosted by The Alliance of International Wado-ryu (AI-Wa). Applications BEFORE 27^th October 2007. Venue: Tanbridge School, Guildford Road, Horsham, West Sussex. Book-in: WITH LICENCE, for proof of age and insurance etc., 9.30am. (No more bookings after 10.15am). 10.30am. Eliminations. Categories for all ages and levels. Events: Individual Kata, Team Kata (2 per team). The official Kata for the event will consist of: Pinan Shodan, Nidan, Sandan, Yodan, Godan. Ku-Shanku, Nai-Hanchi, Seishan, Chinto. No other Kata will be accepted. Due to location, it may be advised to bring a packed-lunch/refreshments etc. For an Information Pack & Application Form, please contact Paul Elliott 6^th Dan. 54, Billingshurst Road, Broadbridge Heath, Horsham, West Sussex. RH12 3LW. Email AI-Wa General Secretary, Paul Elliott 6th Dan: semka@...

Also, for information on FREE AI-Wa Membership, please contact the AI-Wa President Gary E Swift 7^th Dan. Tel: 01752-493210/07719-773898. Email: GarySwift@... Find us on: www.Aiwakarate.co.uk Transport for AI-Wa Southwest Members available – Please contact AI-Wa President.

03 & 04/11/07

Federation of European Wadokai European Championships. European Wado-Kai Cup in Gothenburg Sweden on the 3^rd and 4^th of November. For further details please contact Tom Clarke, Squad Manager on 07734407904. Email: tomafb@...

10 & 11/11/07

Yanagawa sensei Karate Course. Details TBA. Venue: Walsall Campus, Wolverhamption College.

17 & 18/11/07

Yanagawa sensei Karate Course. Details TBA. Venue: Horsham, Sussex.

25/11/07

Imperial Karate Presents. November 25th - 3rd South West Open Championships - Hutton Moor Leisure Centre. Weston-super-Mare. For further details, please contact: Simon O'Brien 5th Dan Chief Instructor, AMA National Squad Head Coach. Imperial Karate Club. C/O 14 Marjoram Way, Village Quarter, Portishead. BS20 7JF. Email: http://www.imperialkarate.com

30/11/07

St. Andrew's Day – Eccosse (Scotland).

01/12/07

British Wadokai Club Award Nominations to be in before this date. All Club Instructors within the British Wadokai may send in nominations for individual Annual Awards. Awards include: Instructor of the Year, Club of the Year, Senior and Junior Student of the Year, Budo (Best Spirit) Award, Attendance Award (most attended student). Please send all nominations to the British Wadokai Chief Instructor, Gary E Swift (7th Dan) Kyoshi.

16/12/07

Wadokai England Central Yudan Course & Gradings. Open to all Wadokai England Members. Details to follow.

22/12/07

WINTER SOLSTICE. Also referred to as Yule, Jul, Saturnalia, or even Christmas. This feast takes place on or about 21^st or 22^nd of December each year and marks the longest, darkest night of the year. This is a festival of peace and a celebration of waxing solar light. Many honour the new Sun child by burning an oaken Yule log, and honour the Goddess in her many Mother aspects. The Father God also can be honoured as Santa Claus in his Old Sky God, Father Time, and Holly King forms. Winter symbolises the time in the womb a deep rejuvenate sleep, rather than nature's death.

25/12/07

YULE. Yule is from old Germanic, 'Jul', meaning 'to turn,' and referred to the phenomenon of the sun 'turning' in the sky three days after the winter solstice. To the ancients, seeing the sun seem to sink lower in the sky each day through the long autumn months must have been a frightening experience! What if the sun simply disappeared beneath the horizon? What if the winter continued indefinitely? It would mean the end of life for all creatures. At the winter solstice, the sun seems to 'stand still' in the sky for a couple of days. The word solstice literally means 'sun standing'.

31/12/07

HOGMANAY. Hogmanay is the Scottish New Year, celebrated on 31^st December every year. Where did the word Hogmanay come from? Various suggestions have been: Gaelic oge maidne ('new morning'). Flemish combo of hoog ('high' or 'great'), min ('love' or 'affection') and dag ('day'). Anglo-Saxon Haleg Monath ('Holy Month'). Norman French word hoguinanι ('gift at New Year').