The Untaught Syllabus. 30.
A Dangerous Relationship: The True Nature Of Britain's Total Subservience To The
US - In Their Own Words.
By Brian Mitchell. UK.



This article is compiled from material in two of my books: "The Untaught
Syllabus: 1917 And All That - In their Own Words: A Political History Of The
Cold War 1917-1983." which has also been partly serialised in British and
foreign journals; and "A Radical Book Of Enlightenment For The Common Man."
which is a compilation of over 1,700 radical political quotes in subject and
historical categories.

I am happy for any of this article to be copied in whole or in part provided
that the full authorship of each quote is stated, and that authorship of the
article is acknowledged; and that the work is used for the purpose for which it
is obviously intended - to inform and educate those interested in the modern
history of wars, peace, anti-racism, poverty, imperialism, global trade and
exploitation and the world debt crisis - in other words: humanity.



HOW IT ALL STARTED: WHERE THE BLOOD NEVER DRIES



"The sun never sets but the blood never dries on the British Empire."

(Ernest Jones.)

"England has no permanent friends; she only has permanent interests."

(Lord Palmerston.)

"Believe me, the loss of our domination would weigh first of all on the working
classes of this country. We should see chronic misery let loose. England would
no longer be able to feed her enormous population."

(Joseph Chamberlain, British Colonial Secretary, 1895.)

"Those who could not look beyond their personal interests should remember that
their employment and standard of living depended mainly on the existence of the
Empire."

(Daily Telegraph Oct 23 1943.)



The main threat to British imperialism was the Russian Revolution, where the
Soviet people had dared to take one sixth of the earth's surface and all its
valuable riches and minerals away from the capitalists for themselves.

The capitalist world saw this as:

"a danger as grave as was the invasion of Gengis Khan or Tamerlane"

(Daily Chronicle Dec 18 1918.)

"A condition of barbarism worse than the Stone Age."

(Winston Churchill.)

"The remedy for Bolshevism is bullets."

(The Times, Nov 1917.)

"Of all the tyrannies in history the Bolshevik tyranny is the worst, the most
destructive, the most degrading."

(Winston Churchill, April 1919.)

"An infected Russia, a plague-bearing Russia... the soldiers are incited to
mutiny and kill their officers, the mobs are raised against the middle classes
to murder them, to plunder their houses, to steal their belongings, to debauch
their wives."

(Winston Churchill, July 28 1920.)

"Peace with the German people, war on the Bolshevik tyranny."

(Winston Churchill, 1920.)

Socialist Russia was a tremendous economic loss to the capitalists as was noted
in financial and business journals at the time:

"Russia is a great country. You all know, because you are intimately connected
with it in your business, what the potentialities of Russia are, whether it be
from the point of view of manufacture or the point of view of mineral wealth, or
any other thing, because Russia has everything."

(Sir Francis Baker, European manager of Vickers, Chairman of the Russo-British
Chamber of Commerce.)

"Siberia, the most gigantic prize offered to the civilised world since the
discovery of the Americas."

(British Federation of Industries Bulletin.)

"In oil Baku is incomparable... Baku is greater than any other oil city in the
world. If oil is king, Baku is its throne."

(From the British journal "The Near East".)

"Russia, with her 180,000,000 of people, with her fertile soil stretching from
Central Europe across Asia to the shores of the Pacific and from the Arctic down
to the Persian Gulf and the Black Sea... market possibilities such as even the
most optimistic dared not dream of... Russia, potentially and actually - the
granary, the fishery, the lumber-yard, the coal, gold, silver and platinum mine
of the world."

(From the Business journal "Japan Salesman".)

"The Bolshevists will soon be in effective possession of four-fifths of the
former Russian Empire, including the vast bulk of all its agricultural and
mineral resources."

(J.L.Garvin, editor of the Observer, 1920.)

Finance capital's exploitation of other nations is evident when you consider
that by 1918 Russia's national debt to imperialism was already 80,000,000,000
gold roubles - two thirds of Russia's total national wealth at the time.

Capitalist rulers were desperately afraid of the spread of Bolshevism in case
their own workers should also dare to want to run their countries without
capitalists.

A secret treaty signed in Paris in December 1917 by the Allied representatives
of Britain, France, and other Western powers was for joint intervention and the
division of Russia into spheres of influence.

"It is essential that this should be done as quietly as possible, so as to avoid
the imputation - as far as we can - that we are preparing to make war on the
Bolsheviks."

(From the secret Balfour Memorandum, adopted by the War Cabinet on Dec 21 1917.

"...the policy of intervention in Russia was adopted by His Majesty's
government... The first, is to create a ring of States all round Bolshevik
Russia, the object being to prevent Bolshevism from spreading. The second
alternative is to grasp the nettle firmly, by taking active military measures
with a view to crushing Bolshevism definitely at the earliest date."

(Chief of Imperial General Staff Henry Hughes Wilson, in a memorandum to the War
Cabinet, Nov 1918.)

I918 the new Soviet state was invaded by the armies of fourteen capitalist
nations led by Britain, France, Germany, Japan and the USA, and included
Finland, Poland and Czechoslovakia.

By the Soviet creation of a workers' Red Army, intervention and
counter-revolution failed.

"Situation is becoming more and more hopeless. Bolsheviks are masters of the
situation."

(British Ambassador George Buchanan, in a report to London, Sept 18 1917.)

"The Soviet government is firmly established and the Communist Party is strong
politically and morally... it is my conviction that the Soviet government is the
only constructive force in Russia today... No government save a socialist
government can be set up in Russia today except by foreign bayonets, and any
government so set up will fall the moment such support is withdrawn."

(William Bullitt, American agent on a mission to Soviet Russia, in a telegram to
US President Woodrow Wilson, 1919.)

"We have failed to restore Russia to sanity by force, I believe we can save her
by trade."

(Lloyd George, to Parliament, Feb 10 1920.)

While the Soviet people built the heavy industry necessary for their massive
agricultural, health, education, housing and industrial programmes of the 1920s
and 30s, including massive dams and electrification of the whole country - a
project no capitalist country could undertake; the capitalist world was already
heading for deep economic and social crisis, fascism and another war:

DRASTIC MEASURES

"Unless drastic measures are taken to save it, the capitalist system throughout
the civilised world will be wrecked within a year."

(Governor of the Bank of England Montague Norman in a letter to the Governor of
the Banque de France M.Monet in 1931.)

"There can be no doubt that the great majority... of Western Europe and of
America would have liked to see Bolshevism crushed, but no one was prepared to
undertake the task."

(Lloyd George, in "The Truth About the Peace Treaties." 1938.)

They soon found the right person. He had already written in his "Mein Kampf" in
1924:

"We turn our eyes, first of all, to Russia. ...the destruction of the USSR and
the extermination of its people."

(Adolf Hitler, "Mein Kampf." 1924.)

"The vision that stands before my eyes was of far higher value to me from the
very beginning. I wished to be the destroyer of Marxism. I will achieve this
task."

(Adolf Hitler, at his trial, 1923.)

"If the National Socialist Party collapses, there will be another 10 million
Communists in Germany."

(Adolf Hitler, to his financial backers, 1932.)

FUNDING THE GAMBLE



British and American monopolies financed Nazi Germany as their "Bulwark against
Bolshevism", without which the Germans could not have rearmed so quickly and on
such a massive scale after the First World War.

"Will the Germans go to war again? I don't think that there is any doubt about
it; and the curious thing is that I am almost persuaded that some day we shall
have to let the Germans arm or we shall have to arm them... One of the present
menaces to peace in Europe today is the totally unarmed condition of Germany."

(Sir Arthur Balfour (Lord Riverdale), Advisor to the Treasury, Chairman and
Managing Director of Arthur Balfour Co. Ltd; Capital Steel Works, Chairman of
High Speed Alloys; Oct 24 1933.)

"From 1924 to 1929 a passion amounting almost to mania developed in the City of
London for lending money to Germany."

(Lord Boothby, 1934.)

"Recently reports have come to me that American banks are contemplating large
new credits and loans to Italy and Germany whose war machines are already large
enough to threaten the peace of the world."

(US Ambassador to Germany William Dodd, Jan 27 1937.)

"There can be no doubt that practically the whole of the free exchange available
to Germany for the purchase of raw materials was supplied directly and
indirectly by Great Britain."

(British economist Paul Einzig, in "World Finance 1938-1939.")

"A .rather influential circle in the City of London. say that a loan to Germany
would be a twofold investment. We could buy off German aggression, and by
propping up an admittedly desperate and faithless tyranny we could prevent
Germany from falling into Communism."

(From the City journal "The Banker", Feb 1937.)



"The whole of American policy during the liquidation of the armistice was to
contribute everything it could to prevent Europe from going Bolshevik."

(Herbert Hoover, in charge of American relief in Europe, Aug 17 1921.)

"I consider the danger from the left far exceeds the danger from the right, and
in the event of a new outbreak of communism in Germany, these organisations
[Nazi B.M.] would powerfully serve the cause of order."

(British Ambassador in Berlin Lord D'Abernon, in his diary, Nov 1920.)

"If the Powers succeeded in overthrowing Nazism in Germany, what would follow?
Not a Conservative, Socialist or Liberal regime, but extreme Communism. Surely
that could not be their objective? A Communist Germany would be infinitely more
formidable than a Communist Russia."

(Lloyd George, in a speech at Barmouth, quoted in The Times Sept 23 1933.)

"If we were to isolate Germany and therefore prove to the German people that
Herr Hitler had failed them... eventually they will discard him and seek another
God... There is only one, the anti-Christ of Communism."

(Sir Thomas Moore MP, Sunday Dispatch, Oct 22 1933.)

"The sturdy young Nazis of Germany are Europe's guardians against the Communist
danger... The diversion of Germany's reserves of energies and organising ability
into Bolshevik Russia would help to restore the Russian people to a civilised
existence, and perhaps turn the tide of world trade once more towards
prosperity. By the same process Germany's need for expansion would be satisfied,
and that growing menace which at present darkens the horizon would be removed
forever."

(Lord Rothermere, in his Daily Mail, Nov 28 1933.)

"Huge German orders for rubber and copper were executed in London yesterday
regardless of cost. The buying of nearly 3,000 tons of copper sent the price
rocketing... Already Germany has bought over 10,000 tons this month in London
alone. The London Rubber Exchange enjoyed almost a record turnover owing to a
German order for 4,000 tons. The price shot up... Germany is reported to have
bought 17,000 tons already this month - two months' normal supply."

(News Chronicle Aug 19 1939. - 15 days before war started.)

"Only thirteen days before war was declared; 17,000 tons of rubber, 8,000 tons
of copper, large quantities of tin and lead, and other materials necessary for
armaments were furnished by Britain to Germany."

(British historian Ivor Montagu, in "The Traitor Class.")

"To execute the orders in time, heavy withdrawals were made from stores in the
UK. A third of our stocks of rubber and a quarter of our stocks of nickel have
gone and are now on their way to Germany. All deliveries have to be made by
September 1st. Mr Burgin, Minister of Supply, had the power to ban the deals,
but refused to do so."

(Evening Standard Aug 21 1939.)

"If we see Germany winning we ought to help Russia, and if Russia is winning we
ought to help Germany, and in that way let them kill as many as possible."

(US Senator, later President, Harry Truman, June 23, in New York Times June 24
1941.)

"Hitler's victory would be preferable to the United States."

(US Senator Robert Taft.)



STALINGRAD - KURSK - THE TURNING POINT IN THE WAR.



After the Soviet victory at Stalingrad and the Nazi armies were being chased all
the way back to Berlin by the Red Army, the US began working frantically on the
atom bomb.

"We cannot be certain... that Germany's defeat may not be brought about in
principle by Russian action before our own and American war potentiality is
fully developed."

(Foreign Relations of the United States, 1942, Vol.III.)

"By 1943, panic seized the Western rulers at the prospect of the fall of fascism
and the victory of communism."

(Labour Monthly, March 1963.)



QUEBEC: AN ANGLO-US-GERMAN ALLIANCE AGAINST THE USSR?



At a meeting in Quebec in August 1943 between Britain and the US, General
Donovan, the head of OSS - forerunner of the CIA), wheeled out Goebbels' old
"Russian threat" bogey in the form of a secret Memorandum: JCS121.

There appears to be only one way in which the Soviet Union could be defeated by
sheer force, and that is by turning against her a Germany still strong (and that
means a Germany still ruled by the Nazis or the Generals). But in order to
prevent the subsequent domination of all the strength of Europe by Germany, we,
together with Great Britain, should be obliged, after the German conquest of
Russia, to undertake once more, and without Russia's help, the difficult and
perhaps then impossible task of defeating Germany."

(JCS121.)

However, there were some sane attitudes in the West. To his credit, Roosevelt
turned down the plan.

Suddenly a second front in the war, delayed for so long while Nazi Germany was
destroying the USSR, became important.



When the Red Army reached Berlin, German finance capital was broken.





GERMAN FINANCE CAPITAL WAS BROKEN. BUT ANOTHER GLOBAL CAPITAL WAS ALREADY
PLANNING WORLD DOMINATION

Before the war was finished another war was starting. Even before Hiroshima and
Nagasaki and the end of World War II the US was planning World War III against
the Soviet Union:

"If there can be anything quite definite in this world, it is the future war
between the USSR and the US."

(US Under Secretary of State Joseph C. Grew, May 19 1945.)

"I realised even before the war ended that there were powerful groups in the
Army, Navy and State Department, working closely with important business men,
who looked on Russia as the next enemy and were getting ready for the next war."

(Roosevelt's Vice President Henry Wallace, 1945.)

On April 12 1945 Franklin Delano Roosevelt died suddenly. On the same evening,
Vice President Harry Truman was sworn in as President.

A day before the opening of the Potsdam conference, the US tested the first atom
bomb on July 16 1945. Confirmation and detailed information was brought to
Truman at Potsdam on July 21.

US world atom bomb diplomacy had begun.



HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI: US ATOM BOMB DIPLOMACY - AN ATOMIC CRIME

"There was never, from about two weeks from the time I took charge, any
illusions on my part, but that Russia was our enemy, and that the project was
carried out on that basis."

(General Groves, director of the Manhattan project.)

"In March 1944. General Leslie Groves, the head of the Manhattan Project, said,
"You realise, of course, that the real purpose of making the bomb is to subdue
our chief enemy, the Russians!" Until then I thought that our work was to
prevent a Nazi victory."

(Professor Joseph Rotblatt, The Times July 17 1985.)

"...it wasn't necessary to use the bomb against the cities of Japan in order to
win the war but our possession and demonstration of the bomb would make the
Russians more manageable in Europe."

(US Secretary of State James Byrnes.)

"We conclude that the dropping of the atomic bomb was not so much the last
military act of the Second World War, as the first act of the cold diplomatic
war with the Russians."

(Prof. P. Blackett "The Military and Political Consequences of Atomic Energy.".)

Victims of the US atomic crime; the people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki became the
expendable guinea pigs in the first military acts of the Cold War.



THE NEW BULWARK AGAINST COMMUNISM



In May 1945, the UN Charter, a charter for lasting peace among nations, was
being drafted in San Francisco.



"It is time the American people became aware of what is really going on in San
Francisco. On the public plane a Charter is being written for a stable peace.
But in private too many members of the American delegation conceive this as a
conference of an anti-Soviet bloc under our leadership. And it is no
exaggeration to say that not a few of them are reckless enough to think and talk
in terms of a third world war - this time against the Soviet Union."

(I.F.Stone, May 6 1945, in Nation, May 12 1945.)



"Whether we like it or not, we must all recognise that the victory which we have
won has placed upon the American people the continuing burden of responsibility
for world leadership. The future peace of the world will depend in large part
upon whether or not the United States shows that it is really determined to
continue its role as a leader among nations."

(From Truman's "Unification of War and Navy Departments" message to Congress,
Dec 19 1945.)



"We must create a new super State. If the Russians do not agree, an invitation
to their leaders might help if they were to watch a demonstration of atom bombs
dropped on Siberia."

(US Senator Joseph Ball, Nov 10 1945.)



At the end of 1945 the US produced secret nuclear was plans against the USSR
which included the use of British home and overseas bases in Italy, Turkey,
India, China and Japan.



"In the event of a major war, certain objectives were clear. Through its
farflung system of bases and the mobility of its forces, the United States would
shield itself..."

(US researcher M.S.Sherry, quoting from US declassified documents JCS 1496/2 and
JCS 1519, of September and October 1945, in his book "Preparing for the Next
War.".)



"The only weapon which the United States can employ to obtain decisive effects
in the heart of the USSR is the atomic bomb. At the present time the USSR does
not have the capability of inflicting similar damage on the US industry. When
the Soviets obtain a strategic air force with bombers with a range of 5,000
miles and the Atom bomb they will be able to retaliate and the overwhelming
advantage the US now has will be nullified. The chart, Annex to Appendix "A"
[to Joint Intelligence Committee directive 329/D of Nov 3 1945. B.M.] ...shows
20 key industrial centers of the Soviet Union and the route of the
Trans-Siberian Railway, the Soviets' most important line of communication... it
is estimated that, with 196 atomic bombs (100 percent of the reserve included),
the United States, from bases shown, would be capable of visiting such
destruction upon the industrial sources of military power in the USSR that a
decision could eventually be obtained."

(From secret US Joint War Plans Committee Directive 432/D, Dec 14 1945.)



Two atomic bombs for the Japanese; 196 for the Soviets.



AFTER POTSDAM - THE NAZIS ARE PUT BACK IN THEIR JOBS.



"Even before the war had ended the Germans were surrendering in their hundreds
and thousands and our streets were crowded with cheering people, I telegraphed
Montgomery directing him to be careful in collecting German arms, to stack them
so they could easily be issued to German soldiers, who we should have to work
with if the Soviet advance continued."

(Winston Churchill, speaking at Woodford, Nov 23 1954, The Times Nov 24 1954.)



"This evening I went carefully through the Planners' report on the possibility
of taking on Russia should trouble arise in our future discussions with her. We
were instructed to carry out this investigation."

(Field Marshal Sir Allenbrooke, in his diary, May 24 1945.)



"In June and July 1945 our headquarters were twice visited by two Staff Officers
of the British Army of the Rhine who in a confidential talk enquired whether the
troops of the Ems Army Corps were ready to fight the Soviet Union."

(Colonel Meier Welcker, Chief of Staff of the German Ems Army Corps.)



"How do you men feel, the great majority of you soldiers, who have fought the
war and have been here a long time? How do you feel about finishing the job and
fighting the Russians.?"

(US Senator Albert Hawkes, President of the National Association of
Manufacturers, addressing American troops in Rome, 1945.)



In the American zone of Germany the US army was equipping and rearming thousands
of Polish, Yugoslavian and Ukrainian fascist soldiers and organising them into
Labour Service Companies as "Guards". Many of them had fought with the Nazis
against the Soviets on the Eastern front.



"In the American zone almost 17,000 displaced Poles are in the service of the
American Army... among Poles now wearing regular United States uniforms... Most
members of these service companies are as anti-semitic and anti-Russian as any
Nazi."

(Raymond Daniell, New York Times, Feb 3 1946.)



"...we are now about to make military sense in Germany. Despite denials from
some sources, we have drawn up plans to reactivate some of those tough fighting
German Panzer and SS divisions, give them plenty of food and first-rate American
equipment... The Germans, always good soldiers, would rather fight against their
historic enemies - the Mongol-Slavs of Eastern Europe - than against their blood
cousins to the West ...British, Americans and French... years ago, we pointed
out that FDR [Roosevelt] was backing the wrong horse in this war - that the
continent of Europe, so far as sternly isolationist America was concerned was
better off under Germanic rule than under Joe Stalin."

(John O'Donnell, in the Washington Times Herald March 31 1948.)



"I have discussed the whole thing with Monty and he fully shares my view that
we must get a German army as soon as possible. Some dumb politicians are against
it, but they won't be much longer."

(Commander in Chief of the British Army on the Rhine Sir Charles Keightley, at
the Press Club, Berlin, June 1950.)



"I think the Potsdam agreement, for all intents and purposes, should now be
treated as pretty much of a dead letter."

(J.F.Dulles, US Senate Hearings on the European Recovery Plan [Marshall Plan.
B.M.] Jan 1948.)

"Our policy should henceforth be to draw a sponge across the crimes and horror
of the past... There can be no revival of Europe without the active and loyal
aid of all the German tribes."

(Winston Churchill, House of Commons, 1947.)



A NEW EUROPE IS FORMED



"In... the ideological phase - the Soviet challenge became increasingly
powerful. In most of the world effective popular leadership is in the hands of
persons who are sympathetic to Soviet Communist doctrines and who turn to Moscow
for moral support. In India, Soviet Communism exerts a strong influence... In
Latin America Communist leaders are steadily gaining in political power. They
are effectively agitating against the so-called "capitalism" and "imperialism"
of the United States. Hemispheric solidarity is precarious and the Monroe
Doctrine faces its sternest test. In western Europe Communist strength has
grown so that in France and Italy Communists now exercise a large measure of
governmental power."

(John Foster Dulles, in a speech, Jan 17 1947.)

Communist parties won leading positions in the first post-war elections in
France and Italy; and there were Communist ministers in the governments of
Austria, Belgium, Norway and Denmark.

In Britain in 1945 two Communist MPs were elected to parliament and the British
people voted overwhelmingly towards socialism in the shape of Clause 4 in the
Labour Party programme, which stipulates common ownership of the means of
production.

The US had plans in case of a Communist electoral victories in Europe:

"Mr Marshall used the occasion to serve notice to all European countries that
they can expect no sympathy or help from America if they conspire with
Communism, even to the extent of including Communists in Coalition Governments."

(American correspondent, News Chronicle, June 3 1947.)

"In the event of Communist electoral victories in Italy, the United States
should among other things: Provide military equipment and supplies to Italy only
if such equipment and supplies are received by anti-communist elements."

(US National Security Council Directive 1/3, Dec 14 1947.)

"America is preparing plans to help France stop the growth of Communism, as
part of a world-wide policy of resisting it wherever it has prospects of gaining
control of governments. This means that America has decided... that even where
there is no question of Russian pressure. as in the case of France, Communism
must be avoided at all costs. It was expected that very substantial aid would
have to be given over the next two years. This decision means that even if the
French people decided to elect a Communist majority under the present French
constitution, the American State Department would not regard this as "democratic
government, nor France as an independent country."

(New York correspondent, News Chronicle May 12 1947.)

"In plain English, a government is democratic and a country is independent only
when its government has been made to order for the State Department. This policy
was imposed on France and Italy and is still being enforced by the USA in those
countries (in the ways described below)... As long ago as December 5th 1947,
Mr. James Reston, Diplomatic Correspondent of the New York Times, reported from
Washington that... it was not much use giving economic assistance to
anti-Communist regimes in Europe in order to keep them in power, unless the
United States was prepared to back up this policy with armed force in case of
need, to prevent Communists or their political allies having any share in power
whatever the majority of the electorate in the countries concerned might want,
and even if the alternative was fascism and counter-revolution, as it may well
prove to be in France. On March 18th, 1948, President Truman, in a violently
worded message to Congress, said the United States must rearm in order to
protect Western Europe against not only external but also "internal
aggression"."

(British MP Koni Zilliacus in his book "Dragons Teeth.")

Regarding the socialist countries:

"We cannot resume diplomatic relations with these Governments until they are
reorganised as we consider necessary."

(US President Truman, at Potsdam Conference, July 24 1945.)



WHO DIVIDED GERMANY AND WHY?



"Both the President and Eden agreed that, under any circumstances, Germany must
be divided into several states."

(Harry Hopkins.)

"The first question is whether Germany will turn Communist... Manifestly,
then, if we wish to make any effort to prevent Germany from going Communist we,
along with Great Britain and France, are impelled to exert every effort to
breathe new life into Germany's prostrate economy by integrating it as a
prospering element, into our own... ...if the people of western Germany became
convinced that Communism offered the best means of unity, the majority of them
would become Communist."

(US Government Memo "Future Policy Towards Germany," March 26 1946.)

A divided Germany enabled separate peace treaties to be made by the West which
they could not make with a unified Germany under the terms of the Potsdam treaty
because of the influence of the USSR. Separate peace treaties paved the way for
West Germany to be incorporated into NATO. A divided Germany also presented for
the US a possible future starting point for the cause of another war against
communism:

"The hell of it is that the State Department is always six months behind us.
They have only just now accepted our demand to set up a separate West German
state. We have been all set to go on that for more than six months... Now
they've accepted the idea of a separate state, of course, we're ready to go
ahead with the Peace Statute. With the Peace Statute signed, we can make Germany
an ally. We'll have a seventeenth nation in the Marshall plan with its heavy
industry and 44 million more people on our side... We're losing precious time.
We should be all set to go in another few months... of course we'll be ready to
go. I should say we'll be ready to go. As a matter of fact, one of my last jobs
has been drawing up a paper on our occupation policy for the Soviet Union."

(Richard Scammon, US Military Government, Berlin, 1947.)

Dividing Germany was also part of the US strategic war plans:

"1. To evaluate the chances of success in delivering a powerful strategic air
offensive... and to appraise any adverse effect on this offensive of the
continuation of the Berlin airlift at its contemplated level until war occurs...
4. The Berlin airlift will be continued... until the outbreak of hostilities...
5. The strategic air offensive will be implemented on a first-priority basis."

(From declassified US security document JCS 1952/1, of Dec 21 1948.)

The Berlin airlift had the required propaganda value:

"There could be a settlement of the Berlin situation at any time on the basis of
a Soviet currency for Berlin and our right to bring in food, raw materials and
fuel to the Western sectors. The present situation is, however, to US advantage
for propaganda purposes. We are getting credit for keeping the people of Berlin
from starving; the Russians are getting the blame for their privations. If we
settle Berlin, then we have to deal with Germany as a whole. We will have to
deal immediately with a Russian proposal for withdrawal of all occupation troops
and a return of Germany to the Germans. Frankly I do not know what we would say
to that. We cannot keep up the airlift indefinitely."

(Truman's foreign policy advisor, later Secretary of State John Foster Dulles,
in an off-the-record speech to the Overseas Press Club, Paris, Jan 24 1949.)

In the middle of 1960 two West German Army officers; Major Bruno Winzer and
Captain von Gliga went to the GDR and revealed detailed plans for the FRG to
launch a lightning war against the GDR. The plans used the idea of creating an
'incident' in the GDR so that West German forces could intervene and occupy and
present the world with a fait accompli, saying that an internal German question
had been settled. These plans were made public by the GDR, who made it quite
clear in conjunction with the USSR that the Warsaw powers would defend their
ally.

The border remained open till 1961.



US NUCLEAR WAR PLANS AGAINST THE USSR WHEN THE SOVIETS DID NOT HAVE THE ATOMIC
BOMB



"The years in which we have the monopoly of the bomb are our years of
opportunity."

(US Secretary of Defence James Forrestal.)



These "years of opportunity" were not ignored by the US.

"Decisive results against the Soviet Union could now be obtained only by the
employment of Atom bombs delivered by long range aircraft against the industrial
heart of the USSR. Long range aircraft operating from England; Foggia, Italy;
Agra, India; Chengtung, China; and Okinawa..."

(US Joint War Plans Committee document.)

"To use our strategic air power successfully we must have bases so located
around the world that we can reach any target we may be called upon to hit."

(US Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.)

"We must create a new super State. If the Russians do not agree, an invitation
to their leaders might help if they were to watch a demonstration of atom bombs
dropped on Siberia."

(US Senator Joseph Ball, Nov 10 1945.)



"In the spring of 1948 the White House saw war with the Soviet Union as
imminent... By now there was no longer any uncertainty in the minds of the
colonel's men in the CIA's Office of Special Operations. We felt ourselves as
much a part of the American crusade against Stalin as we had against Hitler. We
worked hard and long hours, at night and on weekends, in an atmosphere of
impatient tension."

(Ex CIA officer Harry Rositzke.)



In 1948/49 there were US plans to atom bomb the Soviet Union after leading an
armoured column to destroy the Soviet Zone of Germany by US General Clay,
Commander in Chief of the US Occupation Army in Germany:

"In General Clay's view there will be no debate about whether to use the Atom
bomb. It will be used immediately."

(From "Meet our Commander in the Atom War", in US Air University Quarterly
Review, 1948.)

"The US must take the offensive against Russia. It is a role which, in my
opinion, we cannot escape... We should first get ready to ward off any possible
attack. and declare our intention to pay. the price of instituting a war to
compel cooperation. peace seeking policy, though it casts us in a character new
to democracy - an initiator of a war of aggression - would earn for us a proud
and popular title - we would become the first aggressors for peace."

(US Secretary of the Navy, Mathews, Jan and Aug 1950.)

Note that initiating a war of aggression is now a policy of democracy - and a
peace seeking one at that.



Declassified US military and National Security documents reveal a number of
early plans by the US to launch nuclear attacks on the USSR and other Socialist
countries - especially when the Soviet Union did not have nuclear weapons.



One such document, adopted August 14 1948, was US National Security Council
report 20/1. Declassified in 1978, it stated in its introduction:

"This government has been forced, for purposes of the political war now in
progress, to consider more definite and militant objectives towards Russia even
now, in time of peace, than it ever was called upon to formulate with respect
either to Germany or Japan. The adoption of these concepts... would be
equivalent to saying that it was our objective to overthrow Soviet power.
Proceeding from that point, it could be argued that this is in turn an objective
unrealisable by means short of war, and that we are therefore admitting that our
objective with respect to the Soviet Union is eventual war and the violent
overthrow of Soviet power."

(NSC 20/1. Records of the National Security Council on deposit in the Modern
Military Records Branch, National Archives, Washington DC.)

NSC 20/1 goes on to describe post war occupation and administration of the USSR.
This envisaged the breaking up and dismemberment and economic domination of the
USSR in a manner similar to that of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty forced on the USSR
by Germany in 1918, which lost the USSR many territories:

"We would have to demand. Terms designed to produce a considerable economic
dependence on the outside world... Such terms would have to be harsh ones and
distinctly humiliating to the communist regime in question. They might well be
something along the lines of the Brest-Litovsk settlement of 1918."

(NSC 20/1.)

Thus, the US National Security Council became the successor not only to the
German imperialists of 1918, but also to the German fascists of 1941.

As for what kind of government would be imposed on the USSR after such a war,
the US is indulging in a dream world all of its own.

What would the Americans do with the Soviet Communist Party?

"This is an extremely intricate question. There is no simple answer to it."

(NSC 20/1.)

The document now, indulging in ever more wishful thinking, envisaged the use of
Tsarist émigrés while washing its own hands of such operations:



"At the present time, there are a number of interesting and powerful Russian
political groupings among Russian exiles... which would probably be preferable
to the Soviet government, from our standpoint, as the rulers of Russia. In any
territory which is freed of Soviet rule, we will be faced with the human
remnants of the Soviet apparatus of power... It is probable that... the local
Communist Party apparatus would go underground, as it did in the areas taken by
Germany during the recent war. It would then probably re-emerge in part in the
form of partisan bands... the problem of dealing with it would be a relatively
simple one; for we would need only to give the necessary arms and military
support to whatever non-Communist Russian authority might control the area and
permit that authority to deal with the communist bands, through the traditional
thorough procedures of Russian civil war... and to dispose of them in such ways
as to prevent their being harmful in the future."

(NSC 20/1.)

NSC 20/1 finally expressed a realisation that an all out military occupation and
administration was not practical:



"In the first place we must assume that it will not be profitable or practically
feasible for us to occupy and take under our military administration the entire
territory of the Soviet Union. This course is inhibited by the size of that
territory, by the number of its inhabitants... In other words, we could not hope
to achieve any total assertion of our will on Russian territory, as we have
endeavoured to do in Germany and Japan. We must recognise that whatever
settlement we finally achieve must be a political settlement..."

(NSC 20/1.)



On May 11 1949 a review committee, coming to the conclusion that such a limited
nuclear war might not be decisive because of political and psychological
considerations, submitted a secret report: Evaluation of Effect on Soviet War
Effort Resulting from the Strategic Air Offensive:



"9. Physical damage... 30 to 40 percent reduction of Soviet industrial capacity.
This loss would not be permanent and could either be alleviated by Soviet
recuperative action or augmented depending upon the weight and effectiveness of
follow up attacks...

11. The initial atomic offensive could produce as many as 2,700,000 mortalities,
and 4,000,000 additional casualties, depending upon the effectiveness of Soviet
passive defense measures...

12. The atomic offensive would not, per se, bring about capitulation, destroy
the roots of Communism or critically weaken the power of Soviet leadership...

13. For the majority of Soviet people, atomic bombing would validate Soviet
propaganda against foreign powers, stimulate resentment against the United
States. unify these people and increase their will to fight. Among an
indeterminate minority, atomic bombing might stimulate dissidence...

18. Atomic bombing will produce certain psychological and retaliatory reactions
detrimental to the achievement of Allied war objectives and its destructive
effects will complicate post-hostilities problems."

(US Review Committee's Report: Evaluation of Effect on Soviet War Effort
Resulting from the Strategic Air Offensive. May 11 1949)



But US monopoly in nuclear weapons ended in September 1949 when it became
obvious that the USSR had tested a nuclear device.

Thus, a political war by the US against the USSR would have to be put off until
the US had enough bases and allies so strategically located around the world as
to ensure a complete and decisive all out victory if it was to achieve its
avowed intention to wipe socialism off the face of the earth. The US could then
take over the other, smaller socialist countries with more or less impunity.



"General Eisenhower said that he was concerned at the apparently growing opinion
that the United States should never drop the atom bomb first. 'To my mind the
use of the atom bomb would be on this basis: Does it advantage me or does it
not, when I get into a war? If I thought the net gain was on my side, I would
use it instantly.'"

(US Senate Foreign Affairs and Armed Services Joint Committee, March 11 1951.)



"I would request the use of theatre nuclear weapons at a time when I could not
accomplish my mission conventionally."

(NATO Supreme Commander in Europe, US General Rogers.)



"It would be advantageous to use tactical nuclear weapons and chemical weapons
at an early stage. Options at this stage should include deep nuclear strikes."

(From US Army Training Manual "Airland Battle 86".)



"War! As soon as possible! Now!... We must start by hitting below the belt. This
war cannot be conducted according to Marquis of Queensberry rules."

(US Military Attache in Moscow General Grow, 1952.)



"We have discussed many times the use of the atomic bomb, tactically."

(General Omar Bradley, Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff, addressing the US
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 1953.)



"If we go over to more positive action against the adversary in Korea, it will
be necessary to expand the war beyond the boundaries of Korea and to use the
atomic bomb."

(Eisenhower, March 30 1953.)

"The United States should plan to defeat the Soviet Union and to do so at a cost
that would not prohibit US recovery. Washington should identify war aims that in
the last resort would contemplate the destruction of Soviet political authority
and the emergence of a post-war world order compatible with Western values."

(Reagan's foreign policy advisers Keith Payne and Colin S. Gray, in "Foreign
Policy" No.39, 1980.)



"That is where we are today. We are preparing for a nuclear war. We are
preparing this strategy with the aim of prevailing over the Soviet Union."

(Former US Assistant Deputy Chief of Naval Operations Rear Admiral Eugene
Carroll, Toronto , Canada, April 5 1984.)



A SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP - BRITAIN BECOMES A US FORWARD BASE IN AN AMERICAN
POST-WAR WORLD



"Britain kept hoping against hope that she could embroil Russia and Germany with
each other and thus escape scot-free herself. She got caught in her own toils
and in so doing has lost the respect and the sympathy of the world generally."

(US Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes in his diary.)

"The choice before the British ruling class becomes the choice between coming
to terms with German capital, at a price, or of coming to terms with American
capital, also at a price."

(R. Palme Dutt, "The Truth About Anglo-American Policy." New Masses, Dec 17
1940.)

The war was certainly a "serious fiasco" for British capitalists. They had sold
out Britain before the war even began. The whole world now knows the results of
British diplomatic skulduggery that built up Nazi Germany and led to the Second
World War. Having engineered a war it could not finish - an adventurous gamble
in order to try to destroy communism, it did not pay off. Communism was not only
not destroyed, it was stronger and more widespread.

As a result of her own corruption, Britain had become totally dependant on the
US economically, militarily and politically and was forced to be drawn into the
Third World War which the US was already planning.

"The question of leadership need hardly arise. If any permanently closer
association of the two nations is achieved, an island people of fifty millions
cannot expect to be the senior partner. The centre of gravity and the ultimate
decision must increasingly lie with America. We cannot resent this historical
development."

(The Economist Oct 19 1940.)

"Whatever the outcome of the war, America has embarked on a career of
imperialism in world affairs and in every other aspect of her life... Even
though by our aid England should emerge from this struggle without defeat, she
will be so impoverished economically and crippled in prestige that it is
improbable that she will be able to resume or maintain the dominant position in
world affairs that she has occupied for so long. At best, England will become a
junior partner in a new Anglo-Saxon imperialism in which the economic resources
and the military and naval strength of the US will be the centre of gravity.
Southwards in our hemisphere, and westwards in the Pacific, the path of empire
takes its way, and in modern terms of economic power as well as political
prestige, the sceptre passes to the US."

(President of the US National Industrial Conference Board Virgil Jordan, to the
Annual Convention of the Investment Bankers' Association of America, Hollywood,
Dec 10 1940.)

"...the British Empire as it existed in the past will never re-appear and that
the United States may have to take its place. ...must cultivate a mental view
toward world settlement after this war which will enable us to impose our own
terms, amounting to perhaps a Pax-Americana."

(US Advisory Committee on Postwar Foreign Policy, May 6 1942.)

"Mr. Bevin went to New York, determined to prevent the precipitate rearmament of
Germany... He failed... Faced with an American ultimatum... he toed the line."

(New Statesman and Nation, Dec 2 1950.)



What did toeing the US line mean?

Britain had to cede all its foreign assets and military bases as payment for US
World War Two aid.

"Do we need Britain? The British Empire, for all its reduced power, has a
valuable string of naval bases around the world - Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Malta,
Suez, Aden, Singapore, to mention the most important... The colonies take one
into the economic sphere - tin, rubber, uranium and other raw materials... We
need Britain."

(New York Times, Jan 9 1952.)

"Combined staffs and unified command over British, American and other Allied
contingents would at the least blur British control in such areas, and might
lead to the substitution of American for British influence in important and
extensive regions of the world."

(American historian William Hardy McNiell.)

"On 'D-day' Britain ceased to be a major power in the world, no longer able even
to shape her own ends. The new Europe would not be hers, or of her making."

(British historian R.W.Thompson, in the British official history of the Second
World War.)

The British Government then had to sell out Britain's independence to the US in
order to survive. In order to obtain US assistance during and after the war the
British had to surrender British capital assets in the US, make concessions to
the US in foreign trade and transfer British military bases abroad to the US,
and give the US military bases in the UK. There was no other way Britain could
pay for US wartime assistance:

"The moment approaches when we shall no longer be able to pay cash for shipping
and other supplies... I believe that you will agree that it would be wrong in
principle... after the victory was won with our blood... and the time gained for
the United States to be fully armed... we should stand stripped to the bone."

(Churchill, in a letter to Roosevelt, Dec 8 1940.)

After the war Britain had to accept the terms of the US Marshal Plan in order to
survive as a capitalist country. The Marshall Plan was nothing more that a tool
of Wall Street and the US military-industrial complex to ensure US domination of
the post-war world:

In accepting US Marshall Aid, the Western European countries became dependent on
the US:

"Once these European governments had placed themselves at the mercy of the
United States, by agreeing in advance to grants and aid the terms and conditions
of which could not be but onerous, they had already surrendered a large slice of
independence."

(US historian James Allen, in his book "Marshall Plan: Recovery or War.")

"We British must recognise that American policy must prevail, if there is an
honest difference of opinion between us as to what to do next in the world
struggle. He who pays the piper calls the tune."

(Labour MP Commander King-Hall, National Newsletter, June 28 1951.)

"My dear Americans, we may be short of dollars, but we are not short of will...
We won't let you down. Britain is a great bastion in Europe. Our Western
civilisation cannot go unless Britain falls - and Britain will not fall.
Standards of life may go back. We may have to say to our miners and to our steel
workers: "We can't give you all we hoped for. We can't give you the houses we
want you to live in. We can't give you the amenities we desire to give you." But
we won't fail."

(British Labour Foreign Secretary Bevin to the American Legion, Savoy Hotel,
London, Sept 10 1947.)

The US wasn't going to be afraid of any British Labour Party "socialism".

"In order that it may not appear that the United States is opposed to the
socialism of Britain, let us say, a contract should be made that, in case the
British Government takes over any industry, it will have to pay back the loans
advanced in dollars."

(New York Times Dec 11 1947.)

In accepting the Marshall Plan the British Labour government accepted US control
of the British economy, including control of who we trade with. The US put a
block on advantageous trade with the socialist countries:

"Mr.Paul Hoffman, ECA chief has ruled that, under the penalty of being denied
aid, the 15 Marshall Plan countries should not export to Russia... commodities
which the United States itself is not willing to send."

(Daily Herald Sept 10 1948.)

"Increased East-West trade in Europe would reduce the dependence of Western
Europe on American foodstuffs, and thereby the dollar deficit. All this sounds
tempting. But if we fall for the temptation the political result will be
disastrous."

(The Observer May 22 1949.)

"It becomes increasingly possible to find elsewhere things for which during and
after the war we were absolutely dependent on America... While this policy saves
dollars... it inexorably widens the division of the Western world. If it were
driven to its logical conclusion, transatlantic trade would shrink to a trickle,
and for the rest the non-American part of the Western world would somehow make
do as if America did not exist. This might balance the books, but it would
nevertheless be a measureless calamity... For it is doubtful whether there is
any alternative source except Russia and Eastern Europe for the massive bulk
supply of grain and other staple foods."

(The Observer July 3 1949.)

"Alternative sources of supply for Britain could, in a world buyers' market,
probably be found - but for many of them we should have to look behind the Iron
Curtain. If the dollar crisis is regarded simply on its merits as an economic
problem, therefore, without reference to the higher needs for British-American
unity, its solution is simply a parting of the ways. But there could be no
greater political calamity."

(The Observer July 24 1949.)

"Only a sevenfold increase of imports from Eastern Europe will enable the West
to achieve a balance of payments when the European Recovery Programme ends in
1951."

(Secretary of the European Economic Commission Gunnar Myrdal, Daily Telegraph
Sept 27 1949.)

"The United States' European allies are all suffering from the post-war
blockade of East-West trade. Their dependence on American economic aid is
primarily a result of the blockade. Were the barriers removed, and were European
manufactured products again to flow Eastward in return for Eastern raw material,
it is probable that Western Europe could swiftly regain its independence from
American economic aid."

(Christian Science Monitor, Jan 7 1951.)

"All informed economic opinion from all quarters has recognised the indisputable
fact that the development of East-West trade would be the most important means
for freeing Western Europe from the dollar deficit and the deficit on the
balance of payments."

(British historian R. Palme Dutt, in his book "The Crisis of Britain and the
British Empire.")

Lists of prohibited exports were drawn up and became written into English law
under the Board of Trade Order and the Export of Goods Order. Thousands of
categories of goods were on these lists, which were extended further over the
years. By 1950 Britain's exports to Eastern Europe were less than half their
pre-war level and continued to drop.

"From now on every East-West trade deal will be conducted in an atmosphere of
uncertainty and awareness that Mr. X is watching at the bottle-neck in
Washington."

(Economist, Aug 25 1951.)

British trading freedom was thus controlled by the US.

US economic domination and militarisation of post-war Europe and the economic
and political effects of US Marshall Aid was going to cost the British people
very dearly. Britain's acceptance of US capital as Marshall Aid and its
rearmament demanded personal sacrifice and a lower standard of living from the
British people. This meant that the US was able to force Britain to cut back in
health, education, welfare, housing, construction, shipbuilding and other main
industries. While the US demanded "free access" to any of the world's cheap raw
materials, Europe was forced to buy raw materials and foods from US financed
countries in the third world.

"England is faced with Hitler's choice of guns or butter. For rearmament demands
personal sacrifice as well as a lower standard of living."

(Tory MP Captain Cyril Osborne, Oct 3 1948.)

"At the Brussels meeting of the North Atlantic Council on December 19 the
Foreign Secretary said that in view of the urgent need to strengthen the
defences of the free world, His Majesty's Government had decided to increase and
accelerate their defence preparations still further."

(Attlee, House of Commons, Jan 29 1951.)

"Tragic indeed is the spectacle of the might, majesty, dominion and power of the
once magnificent and still considerable British Empire having to worry and
wonder how we can pay the monthly bills. I am tortured by this thought."

(Winston Churchill, Parliament, July 30 1952.)

"Take the British. They are down to 16 cents (1s.2d.) worth of meat a week. That
makes a mighty small package when the butcher wraps it up. They would have more
if it were not for their defence effort."

(US President Truman, in a broadcast, March 16 1952.)

"Altogether the arms budget is costing about 25/- (£1.25p) a week for every
family of four... the burden will increase, not diminish, year by year until the
breaking point is reached or there is another war."

(British MP Koni Zilliacus, in his book "Dragons Teeth.")

"In the United Kingdom... the economy is showing every sign of suffering from
severe strain. Cost inflation is rampant and towards the end of the year may
well be enhanced by demand inflation flowing from the heaviest rearmament
programme in Europe...

(United Nations Economic Commission report Economic Bulletin for Europe, First
Quarter, 1951.)



Regarding the US use of Britain as a forward military base, Britain may be
destroyed but the British people would have no say in a matter which made the
security of life precarious and dangerous for them.

US General Bradley said that:

"If the threatened war comes, one of the leading America generals said not long
ago that while London and most of Britain would be quickly destroyed, Britain
would remain useful as an aircraft carrier for American bombers; they would
still be able to use the excellent aerodromes built by Americans in East
Anglia."

(New Statesman and Nation March 27 1948 )

The British Government assures the British people that we would be consulted
before the US used nuclear weapons.

However, Britain would have no say in the matter:

"Consultation would be a matter of a telephone call as United States planes with
atom bombs took off for targets."

(United States News and World Report, Dec 21 1951.)



THE INVISIBLE US GOVERNMENT



"Behind the ostensible government sits enthroned an invisible government owing
no allegiance and acknowledging no responsibility to the people. To destroy this
invisible government, to befoul the unholy alliance between corrupt business and
corrupt politics is the first task of the statesmanship of the day."

(Theodore Roosevelt, April 19, 1906.)



"The masters of the government of the United States are the combined capitalists
and manufacturers of the United States."

(US President Woodrow Wilson, 1913.)



"The real menace of our republic is this invisible government which like a giant
octopus sprawls its slimy length over city, state and nation. Like the octopus
of real life, it operates under cover of a self created screen... At the head of
this octopus are the Rockefeller Standard Oil interests and a small group of
powerful banking houses generally referred to as international bankers. The
little coterie of powerful international bankers virtually run the United States
government for their own selfish purposes. They practically control both
political parties."

(New York City Mayor John F. Hylan, 1922.)



"The real truth of the matter is, as you and I know, that a financial element in
the larger centers has owned the Government ever since the days of Andrew
Jackson."

(US President Roosevelt, November 21, l933.)



"Fifty men have run America, and that's a high figure."

(US President Kennedy's father, Joseph Kennedy, New York Times, July 26 l936.)



"I needed the good will of the legislature of four states. I "formed" the
legislative bodies with my own money. I found that it was cheaper that way... I
can hire one half of the working class to kill the other half."

(US millionaire Jay Gould, 1836-1892.)



"You can't mine coal without machine guns."

(US industrialist Richard B. Mellon, Time, June 14 1937.)



"What do I care about the law. Haven't I got the power?"

(US millionaire Cornelius Vanderbilt.)



"Unhappy truths abroad have retaught us two simple truths about the liberty of a
democratic people. The first truth is that the liberty of a democracy is not
safe if the people tolerate the growth of private power to a point where it
becomes stronger than the democratic state itself. That, in its essence, is
fascism - ownership of government by an individual, by a group. or by any other
controlling private power... Among us today a concentration of private power
without equal in history is growing..."

(President Roosevelt, in a message to Congress, April 29 1938.)



"I believe that the heaviest blow ever dealt at liberty's head will be dealt by
this nation [the US. BM.) in the ultimate failure of its example to the earth."

(Charles Dickens.)



CONTROLLING HEARTS AND MINDS: DUMBING US DOWN - THE NEW WORLD ORDER AND THE
MEDIA



"The setting up of a new, invisible and all powerful government in this country,
within the last twenty years, in open violation of fundamental and statutory
law, could not have been accomplished under the steady fire of a free and
independent press... Except for the subserviency of most of the metropolitan
newspapers, the great corporate interests would never have ventured upon the
impudent, lawless consolidation of business. control of production, markets and
prices. When the Morgan and Rockefeller interests harmonised to consummate the
great wrong, they well understood that they could not achieve their purpose
against a hostile press. Hence they "took over" the newspapers. .control can be
achieve through that community of interests, that independence of investment and
credits which ties the publisher up to the banks, the advertisers, and special
interests."

(US reformist Robert LaFollette Sr, Fooling the People as a Fine Art, April
1918.)



"I believe that few people aside from myself have any idea of the tremendous,
the almost invincible power and force of the daily press. I am one of those who
believe that at least in America the press rules the country; it rules its
politics, its religion, its social practice... The publisher who has
succeeded... is necessarily a capitalist... The press of this country is now
and always has been so thoroughly dominated by the wealthy few of the country
that it cannot be depended upon to give the great mass of the people that
correct information concerning political, economical, and social subjects which
it is necessary that the mass of the people shall have, in order that they shall
vote and in all ways act in the best way to protect themselves from the brutal
force and chicanery of the ruling and employing class."

(US newspaper boss Edward Scripps.)



"We are grateful to The Washington Post, The New York Times, Time Magazine and
other great publications whose directors have attended our meetings and
respected their promises of discretion for almost forty years. It would have
been impossible for us to develop our plan for the world if we had been subject
to the bright lights of publicity during those years. But, the work is now much
more sophisticated and prepared to march towards a world government. The
supranational sovereignty of an intellectual elite and world bankers is surely
preferable to the national auto-determination practiced in past centuries."

(David Rockefeller, Trilateral Commission, June, 1991.)



"In March, 1915, the J.P. Morgan interests, the steel, shipbuilding, and powder
interest, and their subsidiary organizations, got together 12 men high up in the
newspaper world and employed them to select the most influential newspapers in
the United States and sufficient number of them to control generally the policy
of the daily press... They found it was only necessary to purchase the control
of 25 of the greatest papers. An agreement was reached; the policy of the papers
was bought, to be paid for by the month; an editor was furnished for each paper
to properly supervise and edit information regarding the questions of
preparedness, militarism, financial policies, and other things of national and
international nature considered vital to the interests of the purchasers."

(U.S. Congressman Oscar Callaway, 1917.)



"Every compulsion is put upon writers to become safe, polite, obedient, and
sterile."

(US writer Sinclair Lewis, in a letter declining the Pulitzer Prize.)



"There is no such thing, at this date of the world's history, in America, as an
independent press. You know it and I know it. The business of the Journalist is
to destroy truth; To lie outright; To pervert; To vilify; To fawn at the feet of
mammon, and to sell his country and his race for his daily bread. You know it
and I know it and what folly is this toasting an independent press? We are the
tools and vassals for rich men behind the scenes. We are the jumping jacks, they
pull the strings and we dance. Our talents, our possibilities and or lives are
all the property of other men. We are intellectual prostitutes."

(John Swinton, former Chief of Staff, The New York Times, 1953.)



"Those fellows in the CIA don't just report on wars and the like, they go out
and make their own... They spend billions of dollars on stirring up trouble so
they'll have something to report on... It's become a government all of its own
and all secret. They don't have to account to anybody."

(Harry Truman, quoted by Merle Miller in "Plain Speaking.")



"Falsehoods are fed to newspapers obedient to the CIA or to capitalist press
giants to be refined and passed on to the reading masses."

(Albert Norden, "Poisoned Weapon against Peace and Socialism.")



"President Reagan and his news handlers have been making, shaping and faking
news. This is an administration that has thought as much about news management,
and practised as much disinformation as any in peacetime history. The milestones
of its progress - yellow rain, the El Salvador White Paper of 1961, the Pope
plot, KAL 007, Sandinista gun running, stretch through the years."

(The Wall Street Journal.)



"The cloak-and-dagger operations of America's Central Intelligence Agency are
only a small part of its total activities. Most of its $2,000 million budget and
80,000 personnel are devoted to the systematic collection of information -
minute personal details about tens of thousands of politicians and political
organisations in every country in the world including Britain. And this data,
stored in the world's largest filing system at the CIA headquarters at Langley,
Virginia, is used not only to aid Washington's policy makers, but in active
political intervention overseas - shaping the policies of political parties,
making and unmaking their leaders, boosting one internal faction against
another, and often establishing rival breakaway parties when other tactics
fail."

(Richard Fletcher "How the CIA Took the Teeth Out of British Socialism." In
Philip Agee and Louis Wolf (eds) "Dirty Work: The CIA in Western Europe.")



"The CIA had just closed down three long-term para-military operations in
S.E.Asia, Vietnam, Kampuchea and Laos. They had over a thousand para-military
case officers come flooding back to Washington. .morale was rock-bottom low.
They wanted a covert action; they wanted a para-military encounter. Angola was
convenient... The rationale was that the Soviet Union was trying to take
advantage of the United States' weakness right after the Vietnam war, that
Angola was getting its independence and they (the Soviets) were trying to snap
it up... Our own files disproved that. We moved into Angola first and the
Russians were responding to us... The basic theme was to make it look like a
Russian-Cuban aggression in Angola, and so any kind of story that you could
write and get into the media anywhere that pushed that line, you did. One third
of my staff in this task force was covert action, was propagandist whose
professional career was making up stories and finding ways to get them into the
press. So he (CIA staff propagandist) came up with another story, which was in
fact kept going for weeks, and it was a good story in terms of the CIA's
propaganda interests. He had some Cuban soldiers raping some young Angolan
girls. Then there was a battle and he had that Cuban unit cut off and captured.
And he had the victims identifying their rapists. Then there was a trial and
they were convicted. And then he had them executed by a firing squad of women
who had supposedly been violated, with photographs of young African women with
weapons shooting down the Cubans.

(Former CIA officer John Stockwell, Diverse Reports TV programme, Oct 1985.)



"The US intelligence service can calmly, either directly or through the obliging
information of other countries, propagate those news items which are best suited
to serve US domestic and foreign policy."

(Ex NATO General Nino Pasti.)



"...primarily media related activities, including unattributed publications,
forgeries, and subsidisation of publications ; political action involved
exploitation of dispossessed persons and defectors, and support to political
parties; paramilitary activities included support to guerrillas and sabotage;
economic activities consisted of monetary operations."

(US National Security Council Directive 4/A Dec 14 1947.)



"Frank Wisner, Deputy Director for Operations [of the CIA B.M.] built his
propaganda apparatus... propaganda assets throughout the world, from CIA funded
newspapers in English and other languages to local publishers, editors and
reporters who could be counted upon to plant CIA stories from time to time."

(Thomas Powers, in his book "The Man Who Kept the Secrets.")



"A special place in the activity of the Western communications media belongs to
their links with the secret services which not only supply them with falsified
information but also use their services for carrying out their own propaganda
activities. The leading role is played by the CIA which has a worldwide network
of journalist-agents."

(Emil Hoffmann, in his book "Medienfreiheit?" (Is the Mass Media Free?))



"a) Get books published or distributed abroad without revealing any US
influence, by covertly subsidising foreign publications or booksellers. b) Get
books published which should not be "contaminated", by any overt tie-in with the
US government, especially if the position of the author is "delicate". c) Get
books published for operational reasons, regardless of commercial viability.
d) Initiate and subsidise indigenous national or international organisations for
book publishing or distributing purposes. e) Stimulate the writing of
politically significant books by unknown foreign authors - either by directly
subsidising the author, if overt contact is feasible, or indirectly, through
literary agents or publishers.

(From Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Government Operations With
Respect to Intelligence Activities. US Senate, Book 1, p193)



AN AMERICAN NEW WORLD ORDER



"We shall have world government whether or not you like it, by conquest or
consent."

(Council on Foreign Relations member James Warburg, Senate Foreign Relations
Committee, February 17, l950.)



"The United States will in fact have no other choice but to establish a world
order it is able to live with, a world where there is relatively free access to
the world's resources."

(US Wall Street Journal, Nov 26 1979.)



"In the next century, nations as we know it will be obsolete; all states will
recognize a single, global authority. National sovereignty wasn't such a great
idea after all."

(US Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbot, Time, July 20, 1992. )



"...an American Empire which will be... capable of exercising decisive world
control... It must be granted that the United States cannot within the allotted
time win the leadership of a viable world political order merely by appeals to
rational conviction. Power must be there, with the known readiness to use it,
whether in the indirect form of paralysing economic sanctions, or in the direct
explosion of bombs. As the ultimate reserve in the power series there would be
monopoly control of atomic weapons. 'Independence' and 'freedom' are after all
abstractions."

(US theorist James Burnham, "The Struggle for the World." Life magazine 1947.)



"The powers of financial capitalism had another far reaching aim, nothing less
than to create a world system of financial control in private hands able to
dominate the political system of each country and the economy of the world as a
whole. This system was to be controlled .by the central banks of the world
acting in concert, by secret agreements, arrived at in frequent private meetings
and conferences. The apex of the system was the Bank for International
Settlements in Basle, Switzerland, a private bank owned and controlled by the
worlds' central banks which were themselves private corporations. The growth of
financial capitalism made possible a centralization of world economic control
and use of this power for the direct benefit of financiers and the indirect
injury of all other economic groups."

(US Professor Carroll Quigley, Georgetown University, 1966.)



"For a long time I felt that FDR had developed many thoughts and ideas that were
his own to benefit this country, the United States. But, he didn't. Most of his
thoughts, his political ammunition, as it were, were carefully manufactured for
him in advanced by the Council on Foreign Relations One World Money group. .The
UN is but a long-range, international banking apparatus clearly set up for
financial and economic profit by a small group of powerful One-World
revolutionaries, hungry for profit and power... The One World Government leaders
and their ever close bankers have now acquired full control of the money and
credit machinery of the U.S. via the creation of the privately owned Federal
Reserve Bank."

(US President Roosevelt's son-in-law Curtis Dall, in his book "My Exploited
Father-in-Law".)



"The planning of UN can be traced to the 'secret steering committee' established
by Secretary [of State Cordell] Hull in January 1943. All of the members of this
secret committee, with the exception of Hull. were members of the Council on
Foreign Relations. They saw Hull regularly to plan, select, and guide the labors
of the [State] Department's Advisory Committee. It was, in effect, the
coordinating agency for all the State Department's postwar planning."

(US Professors Laurence H. Shoup and William Minter, "Imperial Brain Trust: The
CFR and United States Foreign Policy." Monthly Review Press, 1977.)



"Leadership towards a new system of international relationships in trade and
other economic affairs will devolve largely on the US because of our great
economic strength. We should assume this leadership and the responsibility which
goes with it, primarily for reasons of pure national self interest."

(Roosevelt's US Secretary of State Cordell Hull.)



"The Trilateral Commission is intended to be the vehicle for multinational
consolidation of the commercial and banking interests by seizing control of the
political government of the United States. The Trilateral Commission represents
a skilful, coordinated effort to seize control and consolidate the four centers
of power political, monetary, intellectual and ecclesiastical. What the
Trilateral Commission intends is to create a worldwide economic power superior
to the political governments of the nation states involved. As managers and
creators of the system, they will rule the future."

(U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater, 1964, in his book "With No Apologies.")



"Geographically, our territory extends to the Aleutians, Hawaii and Guam in the
middle of the Pacific Ocean... We are a global power with global tasks. We have
to be prepared to fulfil the tasks facing us in Asia in the same ways as we are
prepared to fulfil them elsewhere."

(Former US Defence Secretary Brown.)



"Over two-thirds of the globe, along the great area stretching from Europe to
Japan, no treaty can be signed, no alliance can be forged, no decision can be
made without the approval and support of the United States Government."

(The Times Aug 29 1951.)



"In Asia our efforts were far less successful... the conception of force was too
nakedly shown, too much stress was laid on the military side, while we largely
ignored the importance of preliminary economic preparations for the alliances we
wished to make. But the same military measures will often be found
unobjectionable if the way to them is paved with economic aid...

For us to have in Asia, Africa and other under-developed areas a political and
military influence as great or greater than we obtained through the Marshall
Plan in Europe. It is necessary for us to act carefully and patiently, and in
the early stages confine ourselves to securing very modest political concessions
in exchange for our economic aid (in some exceptional cases even without any
concessions in return). The way will then be open to us, but at a later stage,
to step up both our political price and our military demands...

In this case governmental subsidies and credits may take the form of military
appropriations. The hooked fish needs no bait. At the same time economic support
for those strata of the local business community which are ready to co-operate
with the US should be increased and the necessary conditions would be created
for businessmen of this type to be put in key economic positions and accordingly
for their political influence to be increased.

...the main emphasis in economic assistance as regards government subsidies and
credits should be on creating conditions in which eventually the economic
relations established by us would work for and make it natural for these
countries to join military pacts and alliances inspired by us. The essence of
this policy should be that the development of our economic relations with these
countries would ultimately allow us to take over key positions in the native
economy... By this means we can hope to divert the foreign policy of these
countries in a more desirable direction...

...support should be given in particular... to native businessmen who are
struggling against their colonial status. ...if we do not support them we lose
all hope of exercising a restraining influence on them until it is too late. If
this happens the desire for independence may result in a nationalism so strong
as to escape not only from the control of the old colonial powers but also from
our own control. Extensive economic aid... should always be presented as an
expression of a sincere and disinterested desire on the part of the US to help
and co-operate with them."

(Letter from US Council on Foreign Relations member millionaire Nelson
Rockefeller to President Eisenhower, January 1956.)



"The conservative Heritage Foundation, a think tank with a great deal of clout
in Mr Reagan's White House, argues that Vietnam, Kampuchea, Libya, Laos, Angola,
Ethiopia, Afghanistan, Nicaragua and Iran are ripe for covert American activity
aimed at destabilising their governments."

(The Guardian November 22 1984.)



"As the largest producer, the largest source of capital, and the biggest
contributor to the global mechanism, we must set the pace and assume the
responsibility of the majority stockholder in this corporation known as the
world... Nor is this for a given term of office. This is a permanent
obligation."

(Leo D. Welch, Secretary-Treasurer of US Standard Oil Company, 1946.)



THE NEW WORLD ORDER - CONTROLLING THE WORLD WITH WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION



"It will become increasingly difficult in the near future to protect US overseas
interests with conventional weapons... the use of, at least, tactical nuclear
weapons is the only option available to us. I think in the future we may get
into areas where it will be increasingly difficult to maintain stability with
conventional forces, and nuclear weapons will be our only alternative. I have
in mind situations far from our shores,... where we would have difficulty, from
a logistics point of view, at least, in reaching the areas in which we have
considerable US interests. Such situations could well involve a non nuclear
power... We just would not have the capability, quantitatively and
qualitatively, to take care of the situation with conventional force...

That motivation is the need for the United States to look more and more overseas
for the resources to provide economic strength... we will be looking
increasingly towards Africa and the Middle East, as well as South America, for
the materials required by our industrial economy... We will require free access
and intercourse with many far distant nations of the world in order to remain a
leading export - import nation.

We may have confrontations with non-nuclear states such as Cuba. We may have
confrontations with nuclear or non-nuclear nations whose geographical location
is such that we have no adequate means of protecting our interests with
conventional weapons... The use of nuclear weapons with varying capabilities
might be the only effective method of accomplishing our objectives, protecting
our interests, and minimising the overall death and destruction that might
accrue."

(Testimony of Vice Admiral Gerald E. Miller, US Navy, March 18 1976.)



"The United States, as an island nation heavily dependent on overseas raw
materials, must continue its forward deployment of forces in Asia and the
Pacific region. There is no cheaper way to American security."

(US Defence Secretary Frank Carlucci.)



"Military needs have now become the single dominant factor in American economic
policy overseas."

(The Times Sept 17 1951.)



"We must be prepared for waging a conventional war that may extend to many parts
of the globe. Many of the resources that we need for energy and many essential
strategic minerals are found thousands of miles from our shores... If we are to
safeguard our access, and the access of the free world, to these resources, we
must increase our military and naval strength."

(US Defence Secretary Casper Weinberger, April 28 1981.)



"Now the Pacific has become an Anglo-Saxon lake, and our line of defence runs
through the chain of islands fringing the coast of Asia."

(US General MacArthur, Daily Mail March 2 1949.)



"We must maintain armed forces all over the world. The United States may have to
occupy more countries before the cold war is ended."

(US Vice President Barkley, New Orleans, May 22 1950.)



"A persistent trend in American thought - the belief that there can be no peace
and security for the American states until every Communist government has been
rooted out in Asia and in Europe. This is a policy of unlimited liability."

(The Times May 22 1951.)



"You know, there was a time when our national security was based on a standing
army here within our own borders and shore batteries of artillery along our
coasts... The world has changed. Today, our national security can be threatened
in far away places. It is up to all of us to be aware of the strategic
importance of such places and to be able to identify them... ...all are vital to
us and if it went to world powers hostile to the free world, there would be a
direct threat to the United States and to our allies."

(Ronald Reagan, in a Television Address, Oct 27 1983.)



"Fundamental national interests require the United States to use military force
in defense of our interests with comparative freedom if it should become
necessary to do so not only in Europe, but in other strategically critical parts
of the world. In my view - and I speak for President Reagan - this must remain
the minimum goal of our nuclear arsenal."

(Former Director of US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Eugene Rostow.)



"...under certain circumstances likely to develop in Europe, we may be forced to
make first use of nuclear weapons. We will never be able to put into effect our
joint plans in this vital area unless quite exceptional efforts are made to
check European tendencies towards neutralism, pacifism and unilateralism. To
achieve this it is necessary, I feel, to emphasise the theme that the nuclear
weapons balance, particularly in the European theatre, has changed sharply in
favour of the East. We should constantly bear in mind the necessity of
directing attention to the Soviet military threat and of further activising our
collaboration with the mass media. If argument, persuasion and compacting the
media fail, we are left with no alternative to jolt the faint-hearted in Europe
through the creation of situations, country by country, as deemed necessary, to
convince them where their interests lie. This would call for appropriate action
of a sensitive nature which we have frequently discussed..."

(Ex US NATO Supreme Commander Alexander Haig, in a letter to ex Nazi Secretary
General of NATO Joseph Lunz. June 1979.)



NOT ABOUT OIL? THEY MUST BE JOKING!



"Behind the conflict in the Near East is OIL. Britain owns rich wells in Iraq .
Socialists . [must] . condemn the Oil Imperialism of Britain and America and
demand the pooling of all the oil resources of the world according to the needs
of the peoples."

(Lord Fenner Brockway, 1947.)



"By the use of economic aid we succeeded in getting access to Iranian oil and we
are now well established in the economy of that country. The strengthening of
our economic position in Iran has enabled us to acquire control over her foreign
policy and in particular to make her join the Bagdad Pact. At the present time
the Shah would not dare even to make any changes in his cabinet without
consulting our Ambassador... at a later stage, to step up both our political
price and our military demands."

(From a letter from US Council on Foreign Relations member millionaire Nelson
Rockefeller to President Eisenhower, January 1956.)



"Our aim is not simply to appropriate oil in one way or another (say in easily
accessible Nigeria or Venezuela) but to crush OPEC. Therefore we have to use
direct force in order to get hold of large and concentrated oil deposits which
can be opened up rapidly so as to put an end to the artificial oil shortage and
thus to lower the price... Since this is the ultimate and there is only one
target possible: Saudi Arabia... Fortunately, these are not only rich oilfields
but they are also concentrated in a very small area, a fraction of the Saudi
Arabian territory... While Vietnam was full of trees and brave people and our
national interest was almost invisible, what we have here is no trees, very few
people and a clear objective."

(Advisor to the US Defence Department Professor Miles Ignotas, March 1975.)



"The economic health and well-being of the United States, Western Europe, Japan
depend upon continued access to the oil from the Persian area."

(President Carter, Department of State Bulletin, April 1978.)



"Western industrialised societies are largely dependent on the oil resources of
the Middle East region and a threat to access to that oil would constitute a
grave threat to the vital national interests. This must be dealt with; and that
does not exclude the use of force if necessary."

(US Secretary of State Alexander Haig, March 11 1981.)



"As outlined in the paper, the strategy for Southwest Asia, including the
Persian Gulf, directs American forces to be ready to force their way in if
necessary, and not to wait for an invitation from a friendly government, which
has been the publicly stated policy."

(US Defense Department, reported in New York Times May 30 1982.)



"In the future, we are more likely to be involved in Iraq-type things,
Panama-type things, Grenada-type things. Our position should be the protection
of the oilfields. Now whether Kuwait gets put back, that's subsidiary stuff."

(Chairman of US Armed Services Committee Les Aspin, 1990.)



"They know we own their country [Iraq]. We own their airspace. We dictate the
way they live and talk. And that's what's great about America right now. It's a
good thing, especially when there's a lot of oil out there we need."

(US Brigadier General William Looney, Washington Post, August 30 1999.)



"It would be tragic if the nations of the Middle East and the Persian Gulf were
now to embark on a new arms race."

(US President Bush, March 23 1991.)



"The US has emerged from the war as the Gulf's premier arms seller. The White
House has told Congress in a classified report it wanted five Middle East allies
to buy an $18 billion package of top drawer weapons."

(New York Times March 26 1991.)



"Historical data shows a strong correlation between US involvement in
international situations and an increase in terrorist attacks against the United
States."

(US Department of Defence, October 1997.)



".you only have to go to Lebanon, to Syria or to Jordan to witness first hand
the intense hatred among many people for the United States because we bombed and
shelled and unmercifully killed totally innocent villagers - women and children
and farmers and housewives - in those villages around Beirut."

(Former US President Jimmy Carter, New York Times, March 26 1989.)



"Regret what? That secret operation [supporting Mujaheddin against the Afghan
Government BM] was an excellent idea. It had the effect of drawing the Russians
into the Afghan trap and you want me to forget it? The day that the Soviets
officially crossed the border, I wrote to President Carter: We now have the
opportunity of giving to the USSR its Vietnam War. Indeed, for almost 10 years,
Moscow had to carry on a war unsupportable by the government, a conflict that
brought about the demoralisation and finally the break-up of the Soviet empire."

(US National Security adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski, January 15 1998.)



THE NEW WORLD ORDER - DEFENDING HUMAN RIGHTS ALL OVER THE WORLD.



"All your strength, America - is in your bombs! - What were your eagles - are
now carriers of death. - What fear turns you to this terror? - To drive people
into the trenches and tunnels, - to poison their land..."

(American poet Thanasis Maskaleris; written during the Vietnam war.)



"Don't forget, there are two hundred million of us in a world of three billion.
They want what we've got - and we're not going to give it to them!"

(US President Johnson.)



"I believe that if we had and would keep our dirty, bloody, dollar-crooked
fingers out of the business of these nations so full of depressed, exploited
people, they will arrive at a solution of their own. That they design and want.
That they fight and work for. And if unfortunately their revolution must be of
the violent type because the 'haves' refuse to share with the 'have-nots' by any
peaceful method, at least what they get will be their own, and not the American
style, which they don't want and above all don't want crammed down their throats
by Americans."

(General David M. Shoup, Commandant of the US Marine Corps, 1966.)



"Before people can do anything they have got to eat. And if you are looking for
a way to get people to lean on you and to be dependent on you, in terms of their
cooperation with you, it seems to me that food dependence would be terrific."

(US Senator Hubert Humphrey, 1957.)



"The foreign policy that monopolistic capital imposes is a ruinous one for the
people of the United States. The United States had some thirty billion dollars
in gold in its reserves at the end of the Second World War; in twenty years it
had used up more than half of these reserves. What has it been used for? With
what benefit to the people of the United States? Does the United States perhaps
have more friends now than before?

In the United States many people proclaim that they are defending liberty in
other countries. But what kind of liberty is it that they are defending, that
nobody is grateful to them, that nobody appreciates this alleged defence of
their liberties? What has happened in Korea, in Formosa [Taiwan B.M.], in
Vietnam? What country has prospered and has achieved peace and political
stability under that protection from the United States? What solutions has it
found for the great problems of the world? The United States has spent fabulous
resources pursuing that policy; it will be able to spend less and less, because
its gold reserves are being exhausted.

Perhaps the influence of the United States is greater now than it was twenty
years ago when the war ended? Nobody could say so. It is a certainty that for
twenty years, under the pretext of the struggle against Communism, the United
States has been carrying out a repressive and reactionary policy in the
international field, without having solved the problems of a single
underdeveloped country in the world...

The United States wants to "liberate" Cuba from Communism, but in reality Cuba
doesn't want to be "liberated" from Communism."

(Fidel Castro, quoted by US journalist Lee Lockwood, May 1965.)





NOBODY'S BACK YARD - DEFENDING HUMAN RIGHTS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN.



"I am against any interference in the internal affairs of the Latin American
countries. But under certain conditions I consider exceptions possible."

(Henry Kissinger.)



EXCEPTIONS AND CERTAIN CONDITIONS

These 'exceptions' seem to occur quite frequently:

In 1916 the US landed troops in the Dominican Republic and occupied till 1924.
And in 1965 the US overthrew a progressive government there. US troops occupied
Cuba in 1898-1902, 1906-1909, and 1917-1923. The 1901 Cuban constitution gave
the US the right of intervention. The US practised this "right" at Playa Giron
(the Bay of Pigs) in 1961. The US still has an illegal base on Cuban soil at
Guantanamo. In 1914 the US landed marines in Haiti and occupied till 1934. In
1954 the US overthrew the progressive government of Arbenz in Guatemala. (See
below.) US troops occupied Nicaragua in 1912-1925, and 1926-1933 when they set
up Somoza's National Guard which murdered Sandino. The US crushed a popular
uprising in Puerto Rico in 1950. The US overthrow of Chile's progressive
Allende government in 1973 is well enough known and documented. And the above
incomplete list was added to by the US invasion and continuing occupation of
Grenada in 1983.



"Intervention is justified wherever it becomes necessary to guarantee the United
States' capital and markets."

(US President Taft, 1912.)



"We do control the destinies of Central America... Until now Central America has
always understood that governments which we recognise and support stay in power,
while those we do not recognise and support fail."

(US Under Secretary of State Robert Olds, 1927.)



"I spent thirty-three years and four months in active service as a member of our
country's most agile military force - the Marine corps... And during that time I
spent most of my time being a high class muscle man for Big Business, for Wall
Street and for the bankers. In short, I was a racketeer for capitalism... Thus I
helped make Mexico, and especially Tampico safe for American oil interests in
1914. I helped to make Haiti and Cuba a decent place for the national city bank
boys to collect revenues in. I helped in the raping of half a dozen Central
American republics for the benefit of Wall Street. The record of racketeering is
long. I helped purify Nicaragua for the international banking house of Brown
Brothers in 1909-1912. I brought light to the Dominican Republic for the
American sugar interests in 1916. In China in 1927 I helped see to it that
Standard Oil went its way unmolested. I helped make Honduras right for American
fruit companies in 1903. Looking back on it, I feel I might have given Al
Capone a few hints. The best he could do was to operate his racket in three city
districts. I operated on three continents."

(Testimony of General Smedley Butler, US Marine Corps, to the McCormack
Dickstein Committee. 1935.)



"US global power projection rests upon a co-operative Caribbean and a supportive
South America. The exclusion of Old World maritime powers from Cuba, the
Caribbean and Latin America has helped the United States generate sufficient
surplus power for balancing activities on European, Asian and African
continents... Latin America, like Western Europe and Japan, is part of
America's power base. Any United States power base, be it in Latin America,
Western Europe or the Western Pacific, cannot be allowed to crumble if the
United States is to retain adequate extra energy to be able to play a balancing
role elsewhere in the world. For a balancing state like the United States, there
is no possibility of flexible global action if its power is immobilised or
checked in any one area."

(From the Santa Fe Document, Inter-American Security Inc. Washington, 1980.)



"I don't see why we need to stand by and watch a nation go communist due to the
irresponsibility of its own people."

(Henry Kissinger, referring to Chile under Allende.)



In Nicaragua, with US compliance and connivance, Sandino was murdered in 1934 by
the National Guard of US puppet dictator Anastasio Somoza Garcia.



"That guy may be a son of a bitch, but he's our son of a bitch."

(US President Roosevelt, on Nicaraguan dictator the first Somoza.)

In 1956, Luis Somoza became President. Anastasio II became head of the National
Guard and became President in 1967.



"Now that's the kind of anti-communist we like to see down there."

(US President Nixon, on Nicaraguan dictator the second Somoza, November 15
1983.)



"The United States could never permit another Nicaragua, even if preventing it
meant employing the most reprehensible means."

(Zbigniew Brzezinski, June 1980.)



"It makes the water come to my mouth when I think of the State of Cuba as one in
our family."

(US financier, 1895.)



"More than half our most productive land is in the hands of foreigners. In
Oriente, the largest province, the lands of the United Fruit Company and the
West Indies Company link the northern and southern coasts. There are two hundred
thousand peasant families who do not have a single acre of land to till to
provide food for their starving children... Ninety percent of the children of
the countryside are consumed by parasites... Society is moved to compassion when
it hears of the kidnapping or murder of one child, but it is criminally
indifferent to the mass murder of so many thousands of children who die every
year through lack of facilities."

(Fidel Castro, in court in 1953; on trial for "subversion.")



"The real threat of Cuba is that they offer a model to be emulated by people who
are dissatisfied with their lot or who are struggling to change things for the
better."

(US President Carter, April 9 1980.)



DEFENDING THE VIETNAMESE PEOPLE'S HUMAN RIGHTS



QUESTION:

"...I saw the helicopters... Americans moving towards our village... huge,
towering men... we sat there huddled together... American appeared at the
entrance... fired point blank at grandmother Toan. She sank slowly to the
floor... grenade... I crawled out... bodies of my sister, little brother, uncle
Duc, cousin Thu and her baby... Americans returned... mutilated bodies with
bayonets... baby in convulsions... I hid... heard uncle Huong's voice... I asked
him "is anyone else alive?" "No little one, everyone's killed." Please, tell me
why were they all killed?"

(Twelve year old Vo Thi Lien, sole survivor of the US massacre of the
inhabitants of the village of Son My, Vietnam (My Lai on US military maps) March
16 1969.)



ANSWERS:

"Let us suppose we lose Indochina. The tin and tungsten that we so greatly value
from that area would cease coming. We are voting for the cheapest way that we
can to prevent the occurrence of something that would be of a most terrible
significance to the United States of America, our security, our power and
ability to get certain things we need from the riches of the Indochinese
territory and from Southeast Asia."

(US President Eisenhower, justifying US aid to France's war against Vietnam, Aug
4 1953; which later included the offer of the use of nuclear weapons during the
siege of Dien Bien Phu.)



"It [Indochina BM.] is rich in many raw materials such as tin, oil, rubber and
iron ore... This area has great strategic value."

(US Secretary of State Dulles, March 29 1954.)



"One of the world's richest areas is open to the winner of Indo-China. That's
behind the growing US concern... tin, rubber, rice, key strategic raw materials
are what the war is really about. The US sees it as a place to hold - at any
cost."

(US News and World Report, April 4 1954.)



"Geographically, Vietnam stands at the hub of a vast area of the world -
Southeast Asia. He who holds or has influence in Vietnam can affect the future
of the Philippines and Formosa [now Taiwan B.M.] to the East, Thailand and Burma
with their huge rice surpluses to the West, and Malaysia and Indonesia with
their rubber, ore and tin to the South... Vietnam thus does not exist in a
geographical vacuum - from it large store-houses of wealth and population can be
influenced and undermined."

(Former US Ambassador to South Vietnam, Henry Cabot Lodge, Boston Sunday Globe,
Feb 28 1965.)



". strategic resources of Southeast Asia and their significance for the global
system that the US was then constructing, incorporating Western Europe and
Japan. It was feared that successful independent development under a radical
nationalist leadership in Vietnam might 'cause the rot to spread', gradually
eroding US dominance in the region and ultimately causing Japan, the largest
domino, to join in a closed system from which the US would be excluded. The idea
that US global planners had national imperialist motives is intolerable to the
doctrinal system, so this topic must be avoided in any history directed to a
popular audience."

(Noam Chomsky, "The Vietnam War In The Age Of Orwell.")



"It is above all the abundance of oil which explains why the American companies
are taking part in the exploitation and why they are intending to prospect
through the huge stretch reaching from South Korea to the Gulf of Thailand. Vast
territories have been allotted to them in the entire Indonesian archipelago, off
the shores of the Malaysian mainland and North of Borneo."

(French newspaper Le Monde, January 8 1971.)



"In 5 years the offshore oil fields of Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, South
Vietnam, and Indonesia will be ready to produce 400 million barrels a day - or
more than is now produced in the entire Western world."

(US geological specialist, Le Monde, January 8 1971.)



THE BATTLE OF IDEAS AND PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE



"The community of arms is there to defend the community of ideas."

(Ronald Reagan, speaking on NATO, on the visit of Helmut Kohl, Washington, Nov
15 1982.)



"In the Russian revolution are implanted ideas which will immensely influence
the future development of mankind."

(Lord Lothian, 1931.)



"Anyone who doesn't realise that the great struggle of our time is an
ideological one, is not looking the question squarely in the face."

(US President Eisenhower.)



"Today, as never before, we are engaged in a fierce battle of ideas, our
adversary is the Soviet Union... This competition is not new... it has been
going on since the end of World War II. Our strategy, however, has remained
virtually unchanged... The time has come to take the initiative, to make our
case boldly and well. It is time to reorganise USIA [United States Information
Agency B.M.] as an important component of the American foreign affairs
community. Indeed, USIA is on the cutting edge of the struggle for men's minds."

(USIA Director Charles Wick, before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee,
March 1983, requesting $711.4 million for ISIA's 1984 "Project Democracy.")



"A major criticism... of our programme in the field of information and
propaganda is the failure to formulate a definite, conscious purpose... In
contrast, the communist bloc appears to know just where it is going... Slogans
like the 'Four Freedoms' are not enough unless they are completed by slogans
that point to the operating rules of a society that puts freedom into practice.
We are in a war of ideas, but we have not found our ideas... Our policy has
been too negative, its programmes and slogans almost always a mere response, or
reaction, to the more imaginative ideas of the Soviets... ...the rich and
powerful United States has offered no inspirational idea or positive social
programme."

(Princeton University Professor John B. Whitton (Ed) in "Propaganda and the Cold
War.")



"The hard truth is, as my recent visits in both the East and the West have made
clear to me, that many peoples of the world have less fear of the Red Army than
they fear that the United States may rashly precipitate atomic warfare against
which their population centres are utterly defenceless."

(John Foster Dulles, Conference of Christians and Jews, May 12 1952.)



"The main reason why a good part of the world does not love us is a double fear
that we will bring about World War III and economic disaster."

(New York Times April 11 1952.)



"The United States never lost a war or won a conference." [Until Vietnam of
course. B.M.]

(US humorist Will Rogers.)



"It is the imperialists who need weapons, since they are completely devoid of
ideas. They need weapons and they must stockpile them against everybody's will
in order to maintain their opprobrious system... But when there are ideas, these
ideas can be defended and they can be made to prevail. Ideas don't need weapons,
if they can win the masses over to their cause. No one can think that the
contradiction between capitalism and socialism can be settled by force. You'd
have to be out of your mind to think that way, and that's the way the
imperialists think. That's why they have military bases all over the world,
threaten everybody and intervene everywhere. Where are the socialist countries'
military bases?"

(Fidel Castro.)



"Three-fourths (one may say nine-tenths) of the people of the world are poor...
but the miserably poor want to turn the world upside down - today. They regard
the United States as basically in favour of the status quo. All rich people are
supposed to be that way. More significant, perhaps, is the fact that Moscow is
regarded by most of the poor people around the world as the friend of the poor
and of the rebel... In a nation motivated by revolutionary fervour, including
countries which have recently become independent and those undergoing rapid
social change, there is great enthusiasm for planning for the future. Five,
seven, and even ten-year plans are popular. People are told to sacrifice present
living for future benefits to the nation and to their children. Emphasis on
consumer goods for the present generation seems disloyal, unpatriotic, and even
immoral... Russians, who are pictured as sacrificing themselves today for the
benefit of their children of tomorrow, are somehow regarded as more admirable
than profligate Americans."

(US Information Agency Director George Allen.)



"A research report of the United States Information Agency has ruefully
discovered that the more our propaganda advertises the virtues of 'capitalism'
and attacks 'socialism', the less the world likes us... Having analysed
conclusions of its poll - taken in both hemispheres, the USIA study observes:
'Capitalism is evil. The United States is the leading capitalist country,
therefore the United States is evil.' It would be difficult to exaggerate the
harm that this line of thinking has done... Capitalism is a dirty word to
millions of non-Marxists... Most foreigners apparently don't regard 'capitalism'
as descriptive of an efficient economy or a safeguard of individual rights...
'Capitalism', abroad, is frequently a pejorative word. Efforts to purge it of
negative connotations by phrases like 'people's capitalism' have failed."

("Should the Old Labels be Changed?" New York Times, July 6 1964.)



"The central fact of today's life is the existence in the world of two great
philosophies of man and of government. They are in contest... Hundreds of
millions make up the jury which must decide the case... The system... which most
effectively musters its strength in support of peace and demonstrates its
ability to advance the well-being, the happiness of the individual, will win
their verdict."

(US President Dwight D. Eisenhower, August 1955.)



"Detente does not exist, nothing is left of detente. The Soviet leaders would
have to choose between changing their system in the direction followed by the
West or WAR."

(Reagan's Soviet Affairs Advisor and National Security member Richard Pipes,
Harvard University, March 1981.)



"A war with the Soviet Union appears to me to be unavoidable. The idea of
peaceful coexistence is simply humbug."

(US General Kenny, Sept 1954.)



"The Government of the USSR considers that, despite the differences in the
economic systems and ideologies, the co-existence of these systems and a
peaceful settlement of differences between the USSR and the United States are
not only possible, but also doubtless necessary in the interests of general
peace."

(Stalin.)



"The history of a social system will be decided not by rockets, not by atomic
and hydrogen bombs, but by the fact of which social system ensures greater
material and spiritual benefits to man."

(Nikita Kruschov.)



"We tell them: sit down and stop trying to impose your political system on the
whole world by force. Stop dreaming that you are going to change the world; stop
dreaming that you are going to halt the course of history; ...solve your
problems through negotiation. If they want to maintain capitalism in their own
countries, let them maintain it for as long as they want. That is their own
business. We are not going to go to the United States to make a revolution there
or to impose socialism on them. In an academic discussion we can prove to them
that socialism is better, more humane, more rational and fairer than capitalism,
but we cannot go there and tell them: change your social system. Roast
yourselves on that fire for as long as you want. It will not be forever, but
that is not our business. Nobody will ever want to change the capitalist system
by force, to impose socialism in Europe, in Japan, in the United States, in
Canada, in Australia; nobody will ever want to do that... Sit down and discuss,
and save a third of what you are spending on the madness of war and give us back
what you are stealing from us."

(Fidel Castro, speaking on the Third World Debt, Havana 1985.)



"The Communist system must be based on the will of the people, and if the people
should not want that system, then that people should establish a different
system."

(Nikita Kruschev.)



"We're not advocating subversive ideas. We're not advocating, as I have said, a
social revolution... We cannot suggest socialism as a prerequisite. We're not
recommending socialism, but of course neither are we advising against it."

(Fidel Castro, at Meeting on the Foreign Debt of Latin America and the
Caribbean. Havana, Aug 3 1985.)



British school and college history, economics, sociology and business studies
syllabus teaching and books do not contain any of this information.

All the material and information I have presented here is readily available to
historians, writers, journalists, teachers, educators and syllabus publishers.
Although I have spent many hundreds of hours gathering it all together, I did
not have to look very far to find any of it.

When as a trainee history lecturer, it was suggested I take the class on a trip
to the Tower of London and then set them an essay on what life was like for a
soldier in King Charles' Army centuries ago. Very useful knowledge that! A
sociology of the past perhaps? But certainly not history in its most important
sense; unless history is to mean anything old or 'interesting' that you can do
in evening classes, like antiques, flower arranging or basket weaving. When
instead I taught real history, learning from the past in order to change the
future, the collective life-experience of humanity, I was got rid of. The head
of the history department complained that the students had remarked that I made
them think; which the head of history had probably never done in a lifetime of
teaching. I ended up washing and cleaning and emptying human surgical waste in a
hospital.

Unless teachers learn to be brave and intellectually honest (difficult when they
have a mortgage and bills to pay), future historical, social and economic
education and popular 'knowledge' will also not refer to the US or British
history and continuing complicity in global plunder, exploitation, domination
and control, wars of aggrandisement and acquisition, causing the deaths and
devastation of the homes and lands of millions of people - the thousands of
children under the age of two who will die tonight through simple lack of food,
clean water, medicine and education - the untold millions of unnecessary deaths
among the overwhelming majority of humanity on this incredibly rich and abundant
and ultimately sustainable earth.



From Brian Mitchell. Evolution. .



Responses and criticisms welcomed. Reply to my personal e-mail if you prefer. My
replies to criticisms will be posted.







"The most remarkable thing about the world is that you can understand it."
(Einstein.)
"There are no such things as strangers; only friends who have never met."
(Anon.)




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