Dear friends of geology & science,

Many believe that what has happened on the Earth before 65 Mn years ago that
destroyed many life on the Earth including Dino and many pre Jurassic life?
Every one looks back to Asteroid impact, Volcanoes etc. And its true we can see
only our brain can think of it.

Surprisingly Whole of the Himalayan range was developed during this geological
time scale. So what happens when Himalaya is formed. will it be as smooth as
Cloth wrinkle? No way. think of what may happen if another Himalaya is formed
during this time - what tectonic and environmental activity will be involved to
create such a large structure on the Earth? so that might have happened at that
time too. WHAT will be the effect on life & devastations?

please do Give your comments on following issues

http://66.102.9.104/search?q=cache:oFhjNQN_zIYJ:science.uniserve.edu.au/pubs/chi\
na/vol1/zhang.pdf+%22how+old%22+Himalaya+mountain+range+geology&hl=en

Scenario: During late spring and summer each year there always are many floods
in India and Bengal. At the same time northwestern China

becomes arid and the area of desert present there increases. Meteorologists tell
us that this great climatic difference results from the presence of the

nearby Himalaya Mountain System between the two geographically adjacent sites.
The Himalaya is the highest mountain system in the world, with Peak

Zhumulangma (Mt Everest) rising to 8848.42 metres above sea level (8850 metre,
Nov. 1999). These mountains are known as the 'Roof of the World' and

stop rainfall-containing clouds moving to the north of them, forcing them back
towards the Indian Ocean so that they drop their water in India and

Bengal during the yearly monsoon season. Many years ago geologists found a
sequence of strata of Cretaceous (135-65Ma BP) as well as rocks of younger age
at the top of the Tibetan Plateau. The strata contain a lot of oceanic animal
fossils. What does this mean? It means that at the

time of less than 65Ma ago the current top surface of the 'Roof of the World'
was located well beneath sea level. The uplift of the area, where the current

Tibetan Plateau is occupying at present, has occurred since this time



Math and Geology http://www.otago.ac.nz/geology/askus/previous.htm

Question
I would like to ask you how math ties into a geologist's job.

Answer
Mathematics provides us with tools to look at the behaviour of the universe and
geologists look at the same universe as everyone else, though from a slightly
different perspective. Consequently, geologists use some mathematics in every
task they set out upon, from calculating where to find oil, to figuring out the
evolution of life, or in learning how to clean up polluted water sources. The
mathematical techniques used can be very sophisticated or rather simple, but the
geologist can not go far without handling and understanding physical principals
which in turn are described by mathematical expressions. For instance, just
after lunch I shall go calculate the shape of the Himalaya mountains and figure
out what those mountains would look like if we sped up the collision of the two
plates that is causing their formation. It is just maths

Geoscience research St Andrews
.. which when dated will tell how old the surrounding ... the degree of activity
of
mountain-bounding thrust ... involved only the internal High Himalaya zone while
the ...
www.st-andrews.ac.uk/academic/ gg/html/ggcen-res-gs-other.html - 29k -
Supplemental Result - Cached - Similar pages

Synthrusting metamorphism, cooling, and erosion of the Himalayan Kathmandu
Complex, Nepal

Dr Grahame Oliver, Dr M. R. W. Johnson (Edinburgh) Prof. R. Parrish (NIGL,
Keyworth)

Funding bodies Carnegie Trust, NIGL

Abstract. In this research we are tackling some of the outstanding problems of
the Himalaya, in particular the problems of the external zone in the Kathmandu
Complex using an integrated approach involving field mapping, microstructure
analysis, thermobarometry, and geochronology. The result so far is a new model
showing the evolution of one major Main Central Thrust: therefore we refute
suggestions that the Kathmandu Complex is a klippe or separate thrust sheet.
Compared to the Main Central Thrust sheet in the High Himalaya, the Kathmandu
Complex shows differences in deformational and metamorphic features and timing
of metamorphism that are consistent with its position some 100 km south of the
High Himalaya, fairly near the leading edge. Unless there was substantial volume
loss between the time of peak metamorphism and the beginning of thrusting then
our geobarometry results indicate that the Main Central Thrust wedge was ~40 km
thick on the northern side of the Kathmandu Complex and <20 km thick on the
southern margin. Initiation of the Main Central Thrust occurred at ~ 22 Ma,
possibly during the closing stages of peak amphibolite facies metamorphism; slip
at elevated temperature (500o-600oC) continued until ~14 Ma. This is slightly
longer than has been previously proposed. In marked contrast to the famous
inverted metamorphism on the Main Central Thrust in the High Himalaya, the
metamorphic zonal scheme in the Kathmandu Complex is right-way-up with the
exception of a thin zone of greenschist facies thrust related dynamically
metamorphosed rocks at the base. These mylonites postdate the high-grade
regional amphibolite metamorphism and give an illusion of inverted metamorphism.
A likely reason for the contrast is that the Main Central Thrust cuts up section
toward the foreland and therefore at Kathmandu, carries high levels in the
metamorphic structure. Our model involves reactivation of the Main Central
Thrust at 7-8 Ma as inferred from published monazite and mica ages, but because
the Kathmandu rocks show no evidence for high-temperature reactivation at this
time, we presume that the late reactivation involved only the internal High
Himalaya zone while the Main Central Thrust was inactive in the external
Kathmandu zone. We are attempting to quantify rates of cooling, exhumation and
thrusting during time period 22 Ma to the present
With Compliments from: Dr. BHUDIA : Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj

Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India & Science
Group of India



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]