Dear friends of Science
We feel pleasure to invite you to witness the
occasion of the inauguration of Kutch's
FIRST REGIONAL COMMUNITY SCIENCE CENTRE
at the hands of
ACHARYA CHANDANAJI OF VEERAYATAN
Venue:
101,Indraprastha, Sanskarnagar, Bhuj-370 001
Time: 05:00p.m
At this time, you will also be able to witness the glorious moments
when The Kutch's First Mini Planetarium begins to show the stars
inside a small dome of Mini Planetarium
during the Sky Theater Programme entitled
"Our Place In The Universe"
Acharya Chandanaji will also perform the Bhoomipoojan of the Project
of Science Centre at Kutchmitra Park
at 06.30 p.m
Respected Shri Kunwarjibhai Nanjibhai Kenia
will preside over both the functions for the occasions
in the presence of eminent citizens of Bhuj(Kutch)
and
Shri Damjibhai Laljibhai Shah (Anchorwala)
(Eminent Industrialist and Philanthropist)
will be the Chief Guest
Date: Saturday, May6th, 2006 Time : 06:30 p.m
Venue:
Kutchmitra park, Bhuj-Mandvi Road Bhuj-370 001.
FOR
AKSHAY MALHOTRA
INDIAN PLANETARY SOCIETY
From yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
Dear friends of Science maths and astronomy,
Type mistake Correction Please read MOON instead Sun in sentence below in
previous mail / message to the groups -
Photographs to see if what was the angle of entrance and exit behind moon disk.
that may not be necessary from the middle of the sun but different place on
earth has different angles . so better the results are taken from similar
Latitude to compare.
Dr Bhudia
"Dr. Bhudia" <drbhudia@...> wrote:
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Hello Dear Shireen, wish you good luck for Physics with Maths and for astronomy
for further learnings.
Welcome to write me and pleased to know your interests in astronomy and physics
and maths too , but I surprised to know that you did not put your question to
the astronomy groups? some one must be doing that work - if not by them selves
must be using some internet use. did any one in group put the data on the group
message or did any one presented the method of calculation and actual results of
their calculations with their answers of figures? is any one does not know what
to do with the results they will be using the ready made forms available from
the internet source.
any way hope your maths is good and for a trigonometric calculation we need to
tale at least on base - knows either distance of the moon (which is changing
every time from mini to maxi) OR the diameter of the Moon/Earths diameter (ready
made or derived by actual reading of experimental results) when the sun is on
over head @ Local time on that longitude and latitudes. (eg On 21 June - on
23.5N at the local time of the Longitude and not the IST)
I have seen your results and realised your mistake as reading from 2-1 is not
near the reading 4-3 - so you have made mistakes in reading 3/4 as you say no 3.
similarly 3-1 is not near to 4-2 but still we may use 4-2 as reliable reading.
to measure angle of the moon in the sky. eg say 0.53 degree approximate. and if
you know the distance of moon at that time you can find the Diameter of the MOON
or visa versa.
Also we need to take multiple readings for different places of the Earth as we
use that distance on the Earth as a triangle base to measure the angle with the
moon. or one can use their own reading for just to know the facts. but accuracy
is better with multiple source of readings or multiple readings at the place.
You also did not sent me any photographs to see if what was the angle of
entrance and exit behind moon disk. that may not be necessary from the middle of
the sun but different place on earth has different angles . so better the
results are taken from similar Latitude to compare.
From your results you can use one only and draw a circle of say 20cm diameter
and also use your photograph picture to adjust to 20 Cm diameter and print that
out for all contacts. and draw a line for points 1/2 - S to 3/4 F- measure that
length and time taken by moon to travel that distance. S to F SF.
Diameter you adjusted was 20 cm so compare the ration 20/SF. multiply by the
time for distance SF that will give you a time of the moon to move in space
equal to distance of diameter of the MOON.
SO what's the speed of the moon in the space (is changing from max to Min
according from the distance from the Earth and calculations) or use ready made
data sours as every one does as no one knows how to do that.
sample example - say moon distance is D and diameter is R so Moon travels 360
degrees around the Earth in about 28.5 days is about 2 pai R = 2x3.14x300000 km
approx = 1884956 km in 28.5 days x24 hours x 3600 Sec = 2462400 sec so 1884956
Mk / 2462400 s =speed of moon is 0.765495 km /s.
you calculate on your readings and compare from this - how long it took the time
in sec for 3-1/ or 4-2 and at that above speed the distance travelled by moon
at that SF and what was the ratio of MOON diameter and SF and hope fully one can
calculate the approximate diameter of MOON at Moon Equator GOOD LUCK
from yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
From: SHIREEN GANGAL
Sent: Sunday, April 16, 2006 7:19 PM
Subject: need your guidance sir...
Dear Sir
Well let me first introduce myself. I am Shireen Gangal. I live in Rasayani.its
about 55km from Mumbai. I am greatly interested in Astronomy. Also I am from the
same group as you are i.e. "astronomyclubindai." I have read few of your mails
to the group so thought to write to you.
To tell you more about me I have just given my 12th science exam. I am greatly
interested in physics and astrophysics and have decided to opt for career in
physics: may be B.Sc and further! I have a 5" reflector telescope taken from
Techno Vision System. I also have just bought digcam. Also I regularly visit
Vangani sky observation programs arranged by Khagol Mandal [if you know]
Regarding astro I had given only Olympiad last year and cleared first level but
could not go further for camp due lack of guidance. That's all about my
Astronomy!! Just a basic huge interest!!!
As you know there was occultation of Spica on 13th. I had synchronized my clock
with Abhay Deshpande Sir [u must be knowing him] I have taken the timings but I
don't know what to do further. I mean what's the use of occultation? I have
heard of some calculations to be done further for finding earth-moon distance
and moon diameter etc. I am eager to calculate something on the basis of my
timings!! Can you please guide me for the same?
These are my exact occultation timings:
First contact: 09:10:33 pm
Second contact: 09:11:04 pm
Third contact: 09:49:22pm
Fourth contact: 09:50:48 pm
To be frank I was not able to properly see the third contact and so not sure
about exact timing. It was the first time I observed the occultation so I was
searching for the star before third contact! Rest all timings are exact as per
my obs. I also took photos as Hrishikesh Joglekar sir told me that though star
is not visible in photo still for moon's alignment they are necessary. Then what
to do with those photos?
I would be highly obliged if you spare some time and guide me in solving my
"SMALL DOUBT"
Thank you,
Shireen.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Hello everyone,
I was looking through the Yahoo groups through curiosity to what
existed in the form of astronomy groups and found you in the
directory.
we have quite a few images of the Venus Transit on the
www.manastro.co.uk website where the Manchester Astronomical Society
opened the Godlee Observatory that morning to observe the Venus
Transit.
We received 159 visitors in total with passers by and students/Staff
form the University of Manchester coming in to take a brief glance
of the transit. It was a good opportunity to let people observe the
transit and also to let them know that there is a public telescope
available to be used in the centre of Manchester.
As a member of the Association of Astronomy Education we also have
just set up a new yahoo group to promote resources and efforts to
create awareness of astronomy in schools across the UK, Europe and
Internationally. If you are intersted in astronomy education please
feel free to join the group! You can find us at:
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/astronomy-education/
Total Solar Eclipse of the SUN 29 March 2006.
Dear friends of Science Astronomy,
Did any one have a snap of the original photograph which could capture grand
overall view, with Mercury and Venus visible during TSE 29 March 2006? To my
Surprise, every one enjoyed the TSE of 29 March 2006. but most of astronomers
forget or could not get the photographs could capture grand overall view and
Mercury and Venus visible during the TSE. Even BBC team and astronomers from
Patrick Moore team could not do that saying we could not get those. one of the
members of Stockholm Amateur Astronomers (STAR) said as
"Three days after the total solar eclipse I returned to the roof of my hotel in
Side, Turkey, and sketched the south-southwest view towards the Mediterranean
where I and 21 other members of Stockholm Amateur Astronomers (STAR) had gaped
at and taken pictures of the 3 minutes and 44 seconds of total eclipse. None of
my photographs could capture the grand overall view of the sketch, not to
mention the strange illumination of the landscape. But whereas my longest
photographic exposure was 11 seconds, the sketch took many hours to make. The
white dots are Mercury (nearest the sun)and Venus. "
From Yours :- Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear friends of Science, Astronomy and Geology,
What, then, created the worldwide iridium layer, if not a humongous impact?
EVERY ONE FORGETS SUCH A BIG THING on the world, the CREATION OF HIMALAYA!!!
During these period the world was having a biggest and the most catastrophic
changes of the surface of the planet Earth. The greatest Mountain formation was
in process by Indo-Asian plate collision process. That's the newest born
mountain in the world and it never happened since after that. The Biggest
structure on the Earth surface was in process of formation and that process
takes long time energy and many seismic and environmental changes to do such a
catastrophic to destroy every thing on the Earth.
Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
More Evidence Chicxulub Was Too Early
Boulder, Colo. - A new study of melted rock ejected far from the Yucatan's
Chicxulub impact crater bolsters the idea that the famed impact was too early to
have caused the mass extinction that killed the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
A careful geochemical fingerprinting of glass spherules found in multiple layers
of sediments from northeast Mexico, Texas, Guatemala, Belize and Haiti all point
back to Chicxulub as their source. But the analysis places the impact at about
300,000 years before the infamous extinctions that mark the boundary between the
Cretaceous and Tertiary periods, a.k.a. the K-T boundary.
Using an array of electron microscopy techniques, Markus Harting of the
University of Utrecht in the Netherlands has found that chemical compositions of
the spherules all match what would be expected of rocks melted at the Chicxulub
impact. The spherules are now found in several layers because after they
originally hit the ground, they were "reworked" by erosion to create later
layers of sediments, he said. It's this reworking long after the impact that has
misplaced some of the spherules into sediments that, based on the fossils in the
same sediments, are misleadingly close to the K-T boundary.
Harting is scheduled to present his latest findings on Monday, 3 April Backbone
of the Americas-Patagonia to Alaska. The meeting is co-convened by the
Geological Society of America and the Asociación Geológica Argentina, with
collaboration of the Sociedad Geológica de Chile. The meeting takes place 3-7
April in Mendoza, Argentina.
"The whole story is that it's a single impact event," said Harting of his
analysis of the multiple spherule layers. In fact, the original spherule layer
is not particularly hard to make out, since its spherules are not as abraded and
damaged as those which were moved around and re-deposited in later, higher
sediments. Above these, and younger still, Harting has also identified the
famous layer of extraterrestrial iridium in sediments worldwide which was
originally touted as the smoking gun for an impact somewhere on Earth at the K-T
boundary.
"In most of the sections we found spherules we also found the iridium layer at
or near the K-T boundary," said Harting. "That makes the mismatch with Chicxulub
even more obvious."
The sediments from the region are also providing clues to what transpired during
those 300,000 years between the impact and the K-T boundary die-offs. "Nothing
happened between them," said Harting. "The K-T iridium layer is a totally
different event."
Disconnecting the Chicxulub impact from the K-T boundary also helps make sense
of some other oddities in the iridium layer. In the Gulf of Mexico, close to the
impact site, iridium is found at a weak concentration, just one part per
billion, says Harting. Yet farther away in Denmark, higher concentrations of
iridium are found. "This doesn't really make sense," he said, unless, of course,
the impact and iridium layer are not related.
All this begs the question: What, then, created the worldwide iridium layer, if
not a humongous impact? One possibility is that Earth and perhaps the entire
solar system was passing through a thick cloud of cosmic dust 65 million years
ago.
"You probably have a time when lots of meteorites are coming down and never
touching the ground," said Harting. Instead they burned up as "shooting stars,"
depositing their iridium in the atmosphere. There it was quickly rained out,
washed into lakes and oceans and buried in contemporary sediments.
Another burning question is whether the massive impact - which undoubtedly
occurred and was certainly catastrophic - is responsible for any extinction at
all. Maybe, answers Harting. There is the case of the ammonites, the once
ubiquitous nautilus-like sea creatures that died out at about the same time as
the Chicxulub impact and before the K-T boundary, he said.
But whether the impact was the ammonite killer is not at all clear, according to
Harting. Early models of the Chicxulub impact called on a "nuclear winter"
scenario, in which a dust-shrouded world went cold and plant life died away for
years, to cause mass extinctions. Yet sun-loving animals like crocodiles and
turtles appear to have glided right through without any ill effects. And that
is, perhaps the silver lining to Chicxulub's fall from the status of
most-massive-of-all-murderers: Even giant impacts aren't necessarily global
catastrophes.
WHEN & WHERE
Backbone of the Americas - Patagonia to Alaska
Centro de Congresos
Mendoza, Argentina
Monday, 3 April
View abstract at
http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/06boa/finalprogram/abstract_101180.htm
a.. This material is not under embargo.
b.. In articles published, please reference Backbone of the Americas -
Patagonia to Alaska, co-convened by the Geological Society of America and
Asociación Geológica Argentina, with collaboration of the Sociedad Geológica de
Chile.
c.. GSA will not operate an onsite newsroom at the meeting. Journalists are
encouraged to contact presenters at their offices prior to or after the meeting.
d.. For assistance during the meeting, contact Ann Cairns at GSA headquarters,
+1-303-357-1056 or acairns@...
CONTACTS
Markus Harting
Department of Earth Sciences
Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4
3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
Phone: +31302535181
E-mail: M.harting@...
IMAGES AVAILABLE
Click on photos for high-resolution images.
Scanning Electron Microscope picture of isolated, and well preserved
Spherule from NE-Mexico (400 µm in diameter). [High-res file 402 KB]
Thin-section of Spherule-bearing sediment of the original spherule layer
(NE-Mexico). Both, well rounded Spherules (center and upper left side;~400 µm in
diameter) as well as glass-shards (right- and lower center part) fresh
preserved, without any alteration features. [High-res file 2629 KB]
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear friends of Astronomy and Science,
From: KutchScience 29 March 2006 @ Turkey
If the weather Permits at the time of the Total eclipse Planet Mercury and
Planet Venus will be visible anout an Eui-distance from the eclipse. as shown in
sky map below.
Events for Wednesday 29 Mar 2006
00:18 Mars sets
02:27 Jupiter transits the meridian
03:05 Saturn sets
03:39 Neptune rises
03:39 Venus rises
04:06 Start of astronomical twilight
04:42 Mercury rises
05:11 Start of civil twilight
05:34 Moon rises
05:38 Sun rises
07:34 Jupiter sets
08:58 Venus transits the meridian
09:08 Mars rises
10:23 Mercury transits the meridian
11:52 Moon transits the meridian
11:54 Sun transits the meridian
12:36 Saturn rises
14:17 Venus sets
16:03 Mercury sets
16:42 Mars transits the meridian
18:10 Sun sets
18:23 Moon sets
18:37 End of civil twilight
19:09 End of nautical twilight
19:42 End of astronomical twilight
19:48 Saturn transits the meridian
21:16 Jupiter rises
Total Solar Eclipses 2006 @Turkey
Total eclipse of 2006 Mar 29
Site information
Latitude: 39° 55' 12" N
Longitude: 32° 49' 47" E
Height above sea level: 10 metres
Time zone: 2h ahead of UT
The eclipse is partial from this location.
Beginning of partial phaseTotal eclipse of 2006 Mar 29
Site information
Latitude: 39° 55' 12" N
Longitude: 32° 49' 47" E
Height above sea level: 10 metres
Time zone: 2h ahead of UT
The eclipse is partial from this location.
Beginning of partial phase
Time: 2006 Mar 29 11:45:02
Position angle of centre of Moon: 225.0°
Sun's altitude: 53.4°
Maximum eclipse
Time: 2006 Mar 29 13:02:05
Eclipse magnitude: 0.973
Ratio of Moon's to Sun's apparent size: 1.049
Position angle of centre of Moon: 138.7°
Sun's altitude: 50.3°
End of partial phase
Time: 2006 Mar 29 14:17:03
Position angle of centre of Moon: 52.9°
Sun's altitude: 41.2°
Forwarded With Compliments from: Dr. BHUDIA : Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
From: KutchScience 29 March 2006 is approching, any one visiting Turkey for
the solar eclipse at this location?
Sent: Tuesday, March 23 2006 10:50 PM
Total Solar Eclipses 2006
2006 March 29 Wednesday Total 105.2% 4m10.9s Partial:
Eastern parts of Brazil, Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa, Asia
Total:
Brazil, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Libya, Egypt,
Turkey, Georgia, Russia, Kazakstan, (Mongolia)
2006 September 22 Friday Annular 93.6% 7m04.2s Partial:
South America, Atlantic Ocean, Western and Southern Africa,
Antarctica
Annular:
Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil
Click on a location on the map and see the solar eclipse at this location.
The following maps are directely linked to our astronomical online software
CalSKY and show the maximum eclipse phase for the solar eclipse you have
selected. Furthermore, the local circumstances are listed as well (attention:
times in Universal Time, UTC/GMT, if not otherwise noted). The icon shows an
example of what to expect.
Forwarded With Compliments from: Dr. BHUDIA : Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear friend of The Science and Geology/Paleontology,
Thank you all who participated and helped towards the research of Kutch Science
and Geology . Since last earthquake of Kutch in Jan 20006 we have accelerated
our geological research works in Kutch area. And we are proud that our work
comes with fruitful results. We have found parts of destroyed fossil of
crocodilians in April 2001in vanishing situation. So we invited all
Geologist/Paleontologists all over the world (Letter 4 at the bottom -October
27, 2001) to start research activity on this research. Lack of the
Paleontologists took longer to find the conclusive proofs. We sent that report
on 6/13/2002 to James Perran Ross that time Executive Officer Crocodile
Specialist Group with a quick response (Letter 3 at the bottom June 25, 2002)
We further received news in 2002 from Pandhro Lignite mine that similar 9 Miter
Crocodilian skeleton fossil was dug out of the mine was about 90 million years
old so we forwarded details to all Geologist/Paleontologists to accelerate/
initiate all research in that field.
Recently team of scientists from the Earth sciences Roorkee in Uttaranchal, have
taken great step to wards the LAKHPAT - HARUDI formation near coal mine area.
And found a big 10 meter long crocodilian fossil in Village JULRAI near HARUIDI
giving the conclusive proofs of the work gong in the right direction.
Descriptions
The fossils belong to the same family of ancient reptiles whose remains have
been found in the region between India and Pakistan. The creature lived in the
Cretaceous period, which lasted from 144 to 65 million years ago. It was the
last period during which dinosaurs lived.
In a rare discovery a team from the earth sciences Roorkee in Uttaranchal, found
a 45 million-year-old fossil of a crocodile in Julrai village in Lakhpat taluka
of Kutch district. According to paleontologists, associate professor in the
department, the crocodile skull that the team found is about 70 cm long,
suggesting that the body must have been about eight to 10 meter long. The rocks
from which this fossil was excavated were formed in what was then a swampy
environment. In the past couple of years, also discovered an assemblage of
fossil land mammals from a coal (lignite) mine at Pandhro in LAKHAPAT.
These fossils, between 52 and 55 million years old, have been discovered, the
collection includes distant ancestors of modern horses, humans, deer and cattle,
bats, insectivores and many more groups. The presence of animals related to
kangaroos in India approximately 52 million years ago".
1) Most recent reply
Dear Sir
The IUCN-SSC-Crocodile Specialist Group would like to publish the article on
"Crocodilians in KUTCH" in our quarterly CSG Newsletter.Are you able to
provide an English version?
Many thanks
Tom Dacey
CSG Executive Officer
2) Date: Sat, 4 Mar 2006 10:00:56 -0000 From: "Kutch Science Foundation"
<kutchsciencefoundation@...>
To: <gwebb@...>
Subject: Recent findings : Subject: Fw: Crocodilians in KUTCH!!!
From: KutchScience (Further developments and findings - One was in LAKHPAT Coal
Mine - PANADHRO and now Again in Naredi - Harudi formation)
To: "Perran Ross" <prosscsg@...>
Cc: <christopher-brochu@...>; "Madras Croc Bank"
<sthiru@...>; "romulus whitaker" <draco@...>
Sent: Friday, March 03, 2006 10:02 AM
Dear friends Of Science and geology,
GUJARATI news
http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/gsa/20060303/guj/gujarat/news51.html 45
million year old giant crocodilian fossil in Kutch LAKAPAT
Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
3) Sent: Tuesday, June 25, 2002 12:11 AM
From: "Perran Ross" <prosscsg@...>
To: "Kutch Science @ hotmail" <kutchscience@...>
Cc: <christopher-brochu@...>; "Madras Croc Bank"
<sthiru@...>; "romulus whitaker" <draco@...>
Dear Dr. Bhudia,
Thanks for your interesting preliminary report of crocodilian fossils from
Kutch.We would be interested to recieve additional details as your research on
this topic proceeds.Sincerely James Perran Ross Executive Officer Crocodile
Specialist Group
James Perran Ross
Executive Officer, Crocodile Specialist Group
Florida Museum of Natural History
Dickinson Hall, Box 117800
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Phone 1 352 846 2566
fax 1 352 392 9367
4) At 05:08 PM 6/13/2002, you wrote:
From: <mailto:kutchscience@...>Kutch Science
Sent: Saturday, October 27, 2001 10:32 AM
At 05:08 PM 6/13/2002, you wrote:
From: <mailto:kutchscience@...>Kutch Science
Sent: Saturday, October 27, 2001 10:32 AM
Subject: Crocodilians in KUTCH
Dear Science Friends,
I would like to write YOU all of our expert GEOLOGIST, Archaeologists and
ANTHROPOLOGIST on the subject of the new Geological researches. WE have seen
fossils of "Crocodiles" in "GUNAWARI" at GANGESWAR Dome. Shree DAS surveyed
KUTCH for ONGC mission and on mining project for ONGC. He observed the
importance of KUTCH on geological science. some of the fossils he declared as
Mesozoic (Ammonites +208Mn years and some CROCODILES "cretaceous period" 140 Mn
years together at the same place with a VAST time difference of more than 65Mn
Years). Some experts are in favour of those DINO "Supercroc " are Prejurassic -
Triassic +200 Mn years rather than "cretaceous period" 140 Mn years.What we are
thinking of the Fossils of the "crocodiles" are actually the ancestors
(10-12meters size and according to the wildlife expert David Attenborough
"Marine Dinosaurs") of the present time Crocodiles of 4 meter size. some
describes as "CROCODILIAN" ancestors of many species and that of crocodiles and
some explain as "Supercroc" "DINO". Those "sarcosuchus" ancestors of crocodiles
had protruding teeth and armoured plate and lifespan of more than 110 years
compared to 70 years of present life span of the crocodiles. Mesozoic Ammonites
+205Mn years and some CROCODILIANS of the "cretaceous period of - JUNGLES IN
KUTCH" +140 Mn years together at the same place with a VAST time difference of
65Mn Years makes us to re-think about the time scale and to understand geology
of KUTCH, wildlife, environment, history and fossils history. Perhaps we need to
ask our expert geologist Shree DAS to visit KUTCH again and give us an expert
second opinion on the subject to support the New research of Kutch geology. I
think this time every one should consult such an experts who are in our touch
and known to us to give their advise for
the benefit of the science of Geology.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear friends of Science,
Sub:- WEATHER REPORT of BOMBAY on this week end Cricket MATCH - But when one
system says one thing and the other says some thing else - it becomes really
absolutely unbelievable.
Though we do agree that the weather predictions are difficult and we can not
come to conclusion that whether the Global warming/Or/ global deeming is turned
on. but we do feel weather to be warming - which one is turned on is yet to be
decided.
But when one system says one thing and the other says some thing else - it
becomes really absolutely unbelievable. One of BBC weather report says
temperature going to soar to 40C hot sunny in March this weekend in BOMBAY while
Yahoo weather just predicting normal 33C . WOW 7C difference? so what happen if
they predict such a vast difference in weather temperature? some day some one
will say Earth is going to be 55/60C in summer! ! ! some will not!
Any way that's not far and let's see what happens this weekend in BOMBAY -
Cricket match - if players can play well or get exhausted? or even more than
that. no one predicting rain as isobars are high to give sunshine. but better we
check radar report on Arabian sea what's going to be cooked there to cool down
BOMBAY.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/5day.shtml?world=0144
Friday
Sunrise 06:47 (IST)
Sunset 18:49 (IST) 36°C 17°C 5 poor 1013 37
Saturday
Sunrise 06:46 (IST)
Sunset 18:49 (IST) 38°C 19°C 7 very poor 1012 34
Sunday
Sunrise 06:45 (IST)
Sunset 18:49 (IST) 40°C 20°C 9 poor 1012 27
http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/tenday/INXX0026?from=_top\
nav_business
Fri
Mar 17 Sunny
31°/22° 10%
31°C
Sat
Mar 18 Sunny
32°/23° 0%
32°C
Sun
Mar 19 Sunny
33°/24° 0%
33°C
Mon
Mar 20 Sunny
33°/24° 0%
33°C
Tue
Mar 21 Sunny
33°/24° 0%
33°C
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear friends Of Science and Astronomy,
Planet hunters have discovered an icy "super-Earth" circling a distant star.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4801842.stm
International astronomers suspect it is a bare, icy, rocky world, much colder
than the Earth and 13 times its mass. The planet was spotted last April but
details have only just been revealed in a paper submitted to Astrophysical
Journal Letters. The extra-solar planet is one of a mere handful detected using
a novel technique called microlensing. The planet orbits a star about half as
big as our Sun, positioned some 9,000 light-years away. At -201C, it is one of
the coldest extra-solar planets to be discovered. Andrew Gould, professor of
astronomy at Ohio State University, US, was one of the first people to discover
it. He said the find has two main implications.
"First, this icy 'super-Earth' dominates the region around its star that in our
Solar System is populated by the gas-giant planets, Jupiter and Saturn," he
said. "We've never seen a system like this before because we've never had the
means to find them. "And second, these icy 'super-Earths' are pretty common.
Roughly, 35% of all stars have them."
Brightening effect
Professor Gould is leader of the Microlensing Follow-up Network (MicroFUN)
collaboration. It is one of several international groups looking for Earth-like
planets in planetary systems other than our own using the phenomenon called
gravitational microlensing. The technique is an indirect way of obtaining
information about large celestial objects that are too dim to see. When a
massive object such as a star crosses the path of a background star, it acts
like a powerful lens, gravitationally bending and magnifying the light rays from
the more distant star. The object's gravity amplifies the starlight, causing it
to brighten as the body passes in front of the star. This can be observed by
telescopes on Earth as a brightening and fading effect, as the lens star floats
across the face of the background star.
Neptune-mass
Clues to the presence of the planet were first seen last April by a Polish
astronomy project led by Professor Andrzej Udalski from Warsaw University. When
Gould and Udalski realised the star was brightening extremely quickly one night,
they alerted the duty astronomer at the MDM Observatory in Arizona. "It was
four in the morning," Gould recalled, "I was very excited and frantic to get
someone to observe that star." Astronomers in Arizona took more than 1,000
measurements of the event, which, coupled with software models, confirmed the
presence of a Neptune-mass planet, 13 times heavier than Earth. Gould suspects
the planet is a bare, icy Earth-like one, a sort of cold "super-Earth", although
he cannot be certain. "We can't really tell for sure," he said. "If we start
getting more statistics on this type of planet, we could piece together a better
story."
Extraterrestrial life
Since the 1990s, astronomers have discovered some 170 extra-solar, or
exoplanets, a planet which orbits a star other than the Sun. There is great
interest in finding extrasolar planets that are like the Earth, since these
could, in theory, have the right conditions for supporting life. In January, a
new planet 5.5 times the mass of the Earth - the smallest yet - became the third
exoplanet to be detected by the microlensing technique. Tim Naylor, professor
of astrophysics at Exeter University, UK, said microlensing had great promise
for the future. "It holds out the promise that we will discover many
Earth-sized planets with this technique," he told the BBC News website.
Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear friends Of Science and Astronomy,
Comets are born of fire as well as ice, the first results from the US space
agency's (Nasa) Stardust mission show.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4801968.stm
The first images of a comet particle were revealed last month
In January, Stardust's sample-return capsule landed in Utah, carrying over a
million tiny comet grains inside. Some of these grains contain material that
formed at extremely high temperatures, scientists have found. This is a
surprise. Comets formed in the cold, outer-reaches of the early Solar System,
and were never exposed to such extreme heating. The Sun and the planets began
forming out of a gaseous cloud called the solar nebula about 4.6 billion years
ago. This "accretion disc" consisted of a hot inner region and a cold outer
region where ice was able to survive. The high-temperature minerals found in
the Stardust samples may have formed in the inner part, where temperatures
exceeded 1,000C. But something must then have transported them out to the cold,
comet-forming region known as the Kuiper Belt. "These are the hottest minerals
found in the coldest place, in the 'Siberia of the Solar System'," said Donald
Brownlee, chief scientist on the Stardust mission. "When these grains formed,
they were incandescent - they were red or white hot."
Abundant samples
Details of the analysis were presented here at the Lunar and Planetary Science
Conference in Houston, Texas. The Stardust spacecraft encountered Comet Wild-2
in January 2004. It swept up particles from the frozen body of ice and dust,
flying to within 240km (149 miles) of the comet's core, or nucleus. It then
released its sample-return capsule as it flew back to Earth at the beginning of
this year. The US-built capsule touched down in the Utah desert on 15 January.
They are the first cometary dust samples ever returned to Earth. The
high-temperature minerals discovered in the Stardust samples are not oddities.
They appear to be abundant, having been found in about one in four of the
particles examined so far. One of these minerals known as forsterite, which
melts at 2,000C and condenses at 1,127C, has been detected in a comet before.
But other minerals found in the Stardust samples resemble so-called
calcium-aluminium inclusions (CAIs), which form at even higher temperatures.
"This raises as many questions as answers. We can't answer them all just yet,"
said Stardust co-investigator Dr Mike Zolensky.
Longer distances
There are two main possibilities currently being considered to explain the
finding. If the high-temperature minerals formed at the centre of our solar
nebula, the molten droplets could have been blasted out to the cold outer region
by powerful magnetised jet called the X-wind. "It's perhaps indicative that the
X-wind model is a good one," Caroline Smith, meteorite curator at the Natural
History Museum in London, told the BBC News website. But it means that these
bursts must have carried the minerals much further distances than has previously
been suggested. Alternatively, the minerals may have been formed in the hot
regions of other stars before finding their way into the solar nebula, where
they were incorporated into comets. "These are fascinating possibilities," said
Dr Brownlee. "In the lab, we can study these at atomic-level resolution and use
the chemical, mineralogical and isotopic properties." He said that analysis of
the different isotopes, or forms, of elements in the mineral should resolve
where they originated.
Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
From: NASA Science News
Sent: Friday, March 03, 2006 5:34 PM
Subject: Surprise! Jupiter has a new red spot.
NASA Science News for March 3, 2006
Backyard astronomers, grab your telescopes. Jupiter is growing a new red spot.
FULL STORY at
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2006/02mar_redjr.htm?list17942
Find out about the Science@NASA Podcast feed at
http://science.nasa.gov/podcast.htm .
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear friends Of mythology, Science and Astronomy,
The Universe has five ages of time. We're in the second, the age of the stars.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/documentaries/features/time.shtml
** Time **
Four-part series explores what time means to people and to the Universe. Sunday
26 February, 8pm BBC Four (also showing Tuesday and Wednesday evenings)
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/documentaries/features/time.shtml
TIME
Sunday 26 February - Tuesday 21 March 2006
In this four-programme series, string theory pioneer Michio Kaku
goes on an extraordinary exploration of the world in search of time. He
discovers our sense of time passing and the clocks that drive our bodies. He
reveals the forces of time that make and destroy us in a lifetime. He journeys
to some of the Earth's most spectacular geological sites to look for clues to
the extraordinary depths of time at a planetary level. Finally, he takes us on a
cosmic journey in search of the beginning (and the end) of time itself.
1. DAYTIME
Sunday 26 February 8pm-9pm
Time seems to drive every moment. It's the most inescapable force we feel.
But do we experience time from within our minds and bodies or from the outside?
Further details about the episode
2. LIFETIME
Sunday 5 March 8pm-9pm
The most powerful effect of time on our lives is the way it limits us. Our
knowledge of death is so embedded in our lives and spirituality that, were
immortality possible, would we lose the sense that makes us human?
Further details about the episode
3. EARTH TIME
Sunday 12 March 8pm-9pm TBC
We hold a unique knowledge of time, realising that it stretches deep into
the past, and will continue into the future. How does this affect our sense of
who we are?
Further details about the episode
4. COSMIC TIME
Sunday 19 March 8pm-9pm TBC
We've always structured our lives based on an unchanging past and a
predictable and ordered future. But atomic and cosmic discoveries have changed
all that. What is time itself? And will it ever end?
Further details about the episode
Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Science and Astronomy,
Dusty discs found around hypergiant stars
http://www.newscientistspace.com/article/dn8700-dusty-discs-found-around-hypergi\
ant-stars.html
a.. 10:37 09 February 2006
b.. NewScientist.com news service Dusty discs appear to surround two extremely
massive stars that blast their surroundings with searing radiation, new
observations with NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope reveal. The finding bolsters
other evidence suggesting planets may be able to form in violent environments.
Planets are thought to build up gradually from the collision of clumps of dust
in discs of gas and dust around stars. Most of the dusty discs discovered so far
surround stars of similar size to the Sun. But now, researchers led by Joel
Kastner of the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York, US, have found
dusty discs that appear to surround two hypergiant stars, dozens of times more
massive than the Sun.
That is surprising because the intense radiation from such massive stars was
thought to blow away any dust before it could clump into planets, says the team.
"Our data suggest that the planet-forming process may be hardier than previously
believed," Kastner says. That agrees with previous calculations showing that
radiation from massive stars may actually help seed planets around smaller stars
nearby.
Excitingly short
The discs surround two massive stars, named R 66 and R 126, which weigh 30 and
70 times as much as the Sun, respectively. Both stars lie in the Large
Magellanic Cloud, a galactic satellite of the Milky Way.
Both discs contain sand-like particles, but Spitzer was not able to determine
whether the discs also harbour larger bodies, such as comets or planets. The
stars are so massive, however, that they are expected to run out of their
nuclear fuel and explode as supernovae in just a few million years, probably
destroying any planets around them.
"We do not know if planets like those in our solar system are able to form in
the highly energetic, dynamic environments of these massive stars, but if they
could, their existence would be a short and exciting one," says team member
Charles Beichman of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the California
Institute of Technology, both in Pasadena, US.
Journal reference: Astrophysical Journal Letters (vol 638, p L29)
Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Geology and Science
http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,1705368,00.html 7pm Wednesday
February 8, 2006 Spinosaurus towers over T-rex A gigantic dinosaur has put the
tyrannosaurus rex firmly in the shade.
The spinosaurus - now officially the biggest predatory dinosaur known to man -
measured 17 metres (55ft) from nose to tail, had long, crocodile-like jaws, and
is thought to have had a sail on its back. Although the spinosaurus was
discovered in 1912, an examination of newly obtained fossils has now confirmed
its true size. Until 10 years ago, scientists thought that the tyrannosaurus was
the largest predatory dinosaur. The largest fossil specimen, Sue, measures 13
metres (42ft) long and is thought to have weighed 6.4 tonnes when it lived, 67
million years ago.
Then scientists discovered the gigantosaurus, a meat-eater which lived 100
million years ago in what is now Argentina and stretched to 14 metres (45ft).
But the spinosaurus dwarfs them both. The spinosaurus - a theropod which stood
on two legs like tyrannosaurus and gigantosaurus - was first identified by the
German palaeontologist Ernst Stromer, who found the first specimen in Egypt in
1912. Stromer published a detailed study of the bones, including a partial
backbone with long spines which may have supported a sail. He believed that his
predator was bigger than tyrannosaurus rex, but the fossils were obliterated
when allied bombers struck a Munich museum in 1944. Since then, only a few
specimens of related dinosaurs and some isolated spinosaurus bones have been
unearthed.
Now a new examination of two skull fragments have confirmed Stromer's
suspicions. Cristiano Dal Sasso of the Civil Natural History Museum in Milan,
Italy, analysed a snout acquired from a private collector, and previously
unidentified bones from the upper rear of the skull. New Scientist magazine
reported: "After measuring their sizes, he estimates that the 99cm-long (3.25ft)
snout came from a skull 1.75 metres (5.75ft) long. From what we know of the body
shapes of other spinosaurs, Mr Dal Sasso calculates that the new spinosaurus was
17 metres long and weighed seven to nine tonnes." One of the most interesting
features of the spinosaurus was the sail on its back believed to have been used
to attract a mate, in the same way as a peacock's tail, or to intimidate enemies
or possibly to keep the animal cool. Spinosaurs, with their long and slender
snouts, were like theropod dinosaurs with crocodile mouths. Their long teeth
interlocked to catch prey, and there is evidence that they fed largely on fish.
Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Maths, Engineering and science ,
THE BEAL CONJECTURE AND PRIZE
http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/gsa/20060206/guj/international/news4.html THE
BEAL CONJECTURE problem is solved by unemployed Indian Mathematician after 300
years !
What is the BEAL'S CONJECTURE http://www.math.unt.edu/~mauldin/beal.html
Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
BEAL'S CONJECTURE: If Ax +By = Cz , where A, B, C, x, y and z are positive
integers and x, y and z are all greater than 2, then A, B and C must have a
common prime factor.
THE BEAL PRIZE. The conjecture and prize was announced in the December 1997
issue of the Notices of the American Mathematical Society. Since that time Andy
Beal has increased the amount of the prize for his conjecture. The prize is now
this: $100,000 for either a proof or a counterexample of his conjecture. The
prize money is being held by the American Mathematical Society until it is
awarded. In the meantime the interest is being used to fund some AMS activities
and the annual Erdos Memorial Lecture.
CONDITIONS FOR WINNING THE PRIZE. The prize will be awarded by the prize
committee appointed by the American Mathematical Society. The present committee
members are Charles Fefferman, Ron Graham, and Dan Mauldin. The requirements for
the award are that in the judgment of the committee, the solution has been
recognized by the mathematics community. This includes that either a proof has
been given and the result has appeared in a reputable refereed journal or a
counterexample has been given and verified.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS. If you have believe you have solved the problem, please
submit the solution to a reputable refereed journal. If you have questions, they
can be mailed to:
The Beal Conjecture and Prize
c/o Professor R. Daniel Mauldin
Department of Mathematics
Box 311430
University of North Texas
Denton, Texas 76203
LINKS TO ARTICLES ABOUT THE CONJECTURE AND PRIZE
The Beal Conjecture
Notices American Mathematical Society, December 1997
Manchester Guardian January 8, 1998
A computer study has been carried out by Peter Norvig who is Chief of the
Computational Sciences Division at the NASA Ames Research Center. The program
and results may be found at
Beal's Conjecture: A Search for Counterexamples
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
From: KutchScience @ Kutch Science Foundation
To: bhujkutch ; bhuj ; kachchh ; kutchastronomersclub; kutchsciencefoundation ;
scienceclubofindia ; kutchScience ; venustransit2004 ; DrBhudia@... ;
Vvikram ; Science CITY GUJARAT ; kutchmitra ; news@rediff ; mail@gujaratindia ;
editor@... ; panjokutch ; sandesh ; thehindu@... ;
audience@ndtv ; Vigyan Prasar ; Bharat News4Kutch
Sent: Tuesday, January 24, 2006 11:36 AM
Subject: Critics on Panchangs and calenders - and understanding the differences
of TIME/CLOCK keeping in day and Calender/adjustments in the History period.
Possible errors in historical dates.
Dear Friends of History, Science and Astronomy,
Regarding the last subject of our Ancient Planetary Panchang calendar some still
have doubts and raised Positive /Negative question regarding subjects as
follows. Though we can not teach them this way but definitely guide them if they
wish to study the subject them selves and work them selves out. there are no
shortage of such people at least in INDIA. one of the Astronomer in Indian
observatory is also working on the subject and he has also published the
concerned in news/media unser the headings of "believe me or not its not a 1st
January but 4th January" but pity no one bothered the statements and there are
only rare such to understand. but I am sure there are people understand better
about the subjects and put more light on the subjects.
Comment 1)
I am surprised to hear that year 2006 started 3 days late and none in the
astronomy community noticed this. Surprising ! BTW, how can we tell that it
was 3 days late? I mean what is the reference point? Another thing just out of
curiosity is that, how these events in the panchang are recorded? Are these data
derived from actual observations, calculations or are those taken from astronomy
community?
Re:- please Read the articles in "CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 84, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY
2003 21" and do not mix up in the mind about the differences of TIME/CLOCK
keeping in day and Calendar/adjustments in the History period. Possible errors
in historical dates. As after 1752 the errors are carried forwarded and
accumulated and need to be adjusted at certain time say either every 400 years
or when it becomes a due "10 days" difference the bate will come 11 instead of
1 in the end of the millennium.
Comment 2)
Old indian astronomical records are good, and fairly accurate. but that does not
mean we should think that they are the best observed values ever. The gregorian
calendar is used becuase it is pretty simple, as well as widely used - imagine
having learnt only the shaka system in india and going abroad to suddenly find
the rest of the world using the gregorian
calendar, or even worse, each country using their own calendar !
Re:- please Read the articles in "CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 84, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY
2003 21" we are adjusting the day length difference by adjusting a second on the
midnight of the new year eve as we did with a leap second this time, Also we are
adjusting the 29 Feb as a leap year day because of the days in one years are
adjusted every four year. And also we will READJUST that LEAP YEAR day in 400,
800, 1200 years interval but what about the errors are carried forward during
last adjustment done in 1752? there has not been any adjustment done during this
interval and so accounts are carried forward with accumulations. That is the
difference. READ MORE DETAILS in original records and calculate how much
adjustment is needed.
Comment 3)
1. How nutation is measured by naked eyes observation? 2. How rahu and ketu are
tracked. ( i have background knowledge....so please be as technical as u
can)Again, I have no objection on the beauty of panchang system. I believe it
was the best system over widest range of time.
Re:- Again please do not be confused with counting seconds , please Read the
articles in "CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 84, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY 2003 21" also all
details of all records available. No need to make a naked eye observations even
modern technology can be used to measurement it makes more accuracy. and even do
not rely on the software to give measurement as they give only their theoretical
version and if have any error will carry on with their results. ultimately a
practical observations are only true by means of any modern or ancient
technology available. Rahu/ketu measurements are all well explained in
ANCIENT?modern astronomy either in JAIPUR/Delhi observatory OR BY NASA. but no
one bothers to make their own calculations starting with TOTAL MID SOLAR
ECLIPSEs point. any way all ancient Observatory has their OLD history records of
observation done over the periods.
Very interesting if they are really study self / work them out only, I am
pleased that some are still interested about the ancient system of the planetary
calendar and timings. But just raising a question /doubt does not full fill that
all. one has to work hard and by selves to evolve and do the job by self by
actually visiting those places and WORKING there. SUN TEMPLEs are perfect
examples of calculation time day , months & seasons and orbits of Sun and
planetary aspects and eclipse. Ancient Observatories are perfect for
astronomical measurements and measuring all the aspects of planetary science and
timings, Eclipses and Rahu and Ketu and its movements and timings of orbits
crossing points of SUN and Moon planetary orbits.
More mathematically it has been well explained in a Rare and recently
unavailable book of "Spherical astronomy" book by W.M. SMART - MANY BOOKS ARE
NOT in the market and so many use only photocopied pages of those books. though
the books are more formulated and not a ready resource like an internet browse
and data copy /download data. may be difficult to understand or work with a
applied own brain.
TEXTBOOK ON SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY W.M. SMART 4 1956
TEXTBOOK ON SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY W.M. SMART 5 1971
TEXTBOOK ON SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY W.M. SMART R.M. GREEN (Re.) 6 1977
and translated to "GOLIYA KHAGOL VIGYAN" by University Granth Nirman Board -
may be available in many old science libraries. Government of India has produced
last report of Report of the "PANCHANG SANSODHAN" also in Gujarati copy
"PANCHANG SANSODHAN samiti aheval" explaining how different panchangs were
evolved and how it works. That's again a rare report and not available
ordinarily but had to trace that by self and not just to read but to
study/calculate it. Recently an Indian Astronomer published a report on new
years day saying that "believe me or not this is not a new year day 1/1/2006 but
4/1/2006" but no body even noticed that comment and how could any one notice
that as long as they also do not have any thing to understand that statement or
to comment on not negatively but positively.
I am really pleased that many modern astronomy workers are returning to study
back from those ancient astronomical archaeological monuments. though after many
hard discussions One of such DELHI Planetarium had very good activity @ Delhi
Jantar Mantar and really thanks to Dr Ratnaji. who sincerely realised the
importance of that and carried out many activity in Delhi during Venus transit
2004. all doubts and discussion are available in message groups
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/ &
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit/
During Moguls empire time most of such monuments are destroyed by aggressions
(12 to 15 century) Western occupation by application of forcibly western
calendar system and gradually discarding the traditional Planetary calendars (16
to 19 century) and rest we are still carrying it out after independence.
We do have many Ancient Astronomical archaeological places such as JANTAR
MANTARs , VEDH SHALAs, Sun TEMPLEs of most are either destroyed or at the brisk
of non use. Unluckily all such monuments either destroyed or in non working
situation because of most of do not know about their working methods or
restricted use of those. Many do visits those for just for interest of only
Visiting / photography but never do any observations work there because of
ignorance of the subjects. please do not take any thing personal bur There is
one Kahavat "Hiro GHOGHE jai aavyo ane Deli ye HAATh dai aavyo" where "Gogha" is
the Port of "GHOGHA" in BHAVNAGAR.
FORWARDED: Tuesday, January 24, 2006 2:37 PM
Subject: Possible errors in historical dates: Error in correction from Julian to
Gregorian calendars
SCIENTIFIC CORRESPONDENCE
CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 84, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY 2003 21
Possible errors in historical dates: Error in correction from Julian to
Gregorian calendars We have studied five major historical events reported
between 1630 and 1680 AD, where detailed references to the stars in the night
sky are available. We show that the descriptions of the star patterns at that
time are off by exactly ten days.
For example, the solar eclipse reported in one example to occur on 20 March 1680
in fact occurred on 30 March 1680 according to the current (Gregorian) calendar.
This is checked using a computer simulation package (SkyMap Pro) and Oppelzer's
Canon of Eclipses1. We attribute this error in dating historical event(s) due to
the switchover from Julian to Gregorian calendars in the latter half of the 18th
century. Important events in Indian history are dated to an accuracy of a
specific date that is calculated based on the documentation of a specific
period(s) and historical references. However, it is often difficult to verify
these dates by independent means since historical references do not often carry
independent markers. However, documents on comparatively recent Indian history
often give detailed description of astronomical events, which can be
independently verified using modern software programs designed using data from
high precision astrometry satellites like Hipparcos and Tycho. It is observed
that while writing the history of Shivaji Maharaj, nearly all the evidences are
written according to the Julian calendar. Due to many defects, this calendar was
reformed by Pope Gregory in 1582 AD and it was announced that after 4 October
the next date will not be 5 October but 15 October.
Hence ten days were deleted from the Julian calendar, which is now named as the
Gregorian calendar. The Catholic community immediately accepted this change but
the Protestants, including the British accepted it only after 170 years, that is
on 2 September 1752 AD. They took the next day as 14 September 1752 AD. This has
a difference of 11 days because in the 170 years the difference between the two
calendars increased from 10 days to 11 days. As the Protestants were ruling many
countries across the world, such countries continued to use the Julian calendar
till that time. In India also all the history written by British historians is
according to the Julian calendar up to 1752 AD. Julius Caesar introduced the
Julian calendar and put it in practice in 45 BC.
The duration of a year in his calendar was 365.25 days as found by the
Egyptians. It differs from both the sidereal period Nakshatra varsha of 365.2564
days used in India and the tropical year of seasons equal to 365.2422 days. The
two differ because Vernal Equinox (ascending node of earth's orbit) moves
backwards, that is towards the west due to the precession of the earth's axis of
rotation around ecliptic poles at the rate of about 1 degree in 72 years. This
produces a difference of 1 day in about 71 years in the Indian calendar, and of
1 day in 128 years in the Julian calendar. In 325 AD, the sun used to enter
Vernal Equinox on 21 March. In the Julian calendar therefore, it was declared
that 21 March will be the Vernal Equinox day and it was related to the
resurrection of Christ. However, the error due to precession was not taken into
account while fixing this date. By the late 1500s the discrepancy became marked.
In 1582 AD, i.e. in 1258 years, the sun started entering the Vernal Equinox ten
days earlier (1258 × 0.0078 = 9.8 days). So on 11 March the sun entered the
Vernal Equinox point. To correct this problem, Pope Gregory cancelled ten days
of that year and after 4 October 1582 the next day was declared as 15 October
1582. The period of Gregorian calendar is 365.2425 days. So, there is still a
difference of 0.0003 days. In spite of this, for the next 3000 years the sun
will enter Vernal Equinox near 21 March2. In the history of Shivaji Maharaj,
historians have converted the moon's position (Tithi) into Julian dates.
However, after the British left, India has continued to use the Gregorian
calendar introduced by the British in 1752. So, from 1582 to 1752 AD the
difference of 10 or 11 days is also reflected in the calculation of Tithi. As a
result, by Julian calendar 20 March 1680 was new moon, but by Gregorian calendar
it was on 30 March 1680. This is highlighted in the records of events associated
with the life and times of Shivaji Maharaj. A difference of ten days is also
noted in the eclipse of January 1665 and August 1673, in the dates of stone
inscriptions of Karnataka3.
According to historians4, the date of birth of Shivaji Maharaj was in the month
of Falgun and the Tithi was Vadya Tritiya. Bhavar, Baneda and Bikaner horoscopes
of Shivaji Maharaj indicate that he was born on Sinha Lagna5. Time of birth
mentioned in Jedhe Shakavali and Shivabharata volumes yields Simha lagna only.
This is three days after the full moon day of the month of Falgun.
This also means that the moon was near the asterism Purva or Uttara Falguni (in
Leo) when it was full and after three days, it was in Hasta (Corvus) or Chitra
(Spica) in Virgo asterism. Also, three days after the full moon day, the moon
must have risen 156 min (52 × 3) later than on full moon night. So the moonrise
must be approximately at 9 p.m. At that time the rising zodiacal constellation
was Virgo. But the birth time of Shivaji Maharaj was in the evening, after
sunset. So at that time the earlier constellation
Leo must be rising on the eastern horizon.
In the history of Shivaji Maharaj, his birthday is mentioned as 19 February
1630. However, the above references do not match with the star patterns on this
date as extrapolated back in the Gregorian calendar. They match very precisely
on 1 March 1630 (ten days later). Another and probably more accurate example is
the partial solar eclipse visible from fort Raigad in the year 1680. In the
various biographies of Shivaji Maharaj, it is mentioned that partial solar
eclipse was visible on 20 March 1680.
From the Gregorian calendar there were no chances of an eclipse on that day
because the sun was in Pisces and moon was in Libra. But on 30 March 1680, an
eclipse did occur. It was in the constellation of Pisces. From Raigad the
eclipse started at 4 h 37 min in the evening. The sun was 30 degrees above the
horizon. The mid-eclipse time was 5 h 41 min in the evening. The sun was only 15
degrees above the horizon. The eclipse ended at time 6 h 38 m in the evening
when the sun was only 1.5 degrees above horizon1. This observation exactly
matches with the documented history. Table 1 gives many other events in the life
of Shivaji Maharaj, which confirm our observations. All the tithis are taken
from ref. 4.
BELOW TWO scanned pages are pasted. if you can not get those please give a mail
to get that by personal mail - without will be difficult to understand the
issues.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Geology and science ,
Geology expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH Wish you all a very Happy
Republic day 2006.
Fossil also has lifespan, as it takes time to form, it also get destroyed as
time pass, weather and nature destroys them as time goes on and so after 500
-600 million years later fossils are difficult to trace or identify them. So if
we do not find any fossils beyond the time 1bn years old does not mean that
there was no life. Life was there too and may be fossilised later and eventually
may have destroyed those fossilised evidences as time ticks on.
Kutch is believed to be such main land which was part of Original Gondwana land
(JUMBU DWIP). and so as fossils of the area does suggest that. but that goes
back only to the certain period of the time limit. But scientist and Vedas do
agree that fife was existing well before that. (Both views are in favour of life
origin was started before 2bn years back). so where are those evidences and
fossils? naturally nature has power to regenerate and destroy itself.
1) Eastern kutch: Vagad - khadir and Chobari (Land of Pandavas):- Khadir and
whole of the Great RANN of the kutch - is also rich in the fossilised land area
and holds clues for origin of the life on the Earth itself. Chobari has
fossilised marine and sea shore cell shell. suggesting the area lift up at a
later stage than the main land kutch. Ramvav Fossils of fresh water fishes and
bones hold the clues for fresh water life later than the main land formation.
With the gradual lift up of the area of river basins shifted the course of
sindhu towards the west where it is at the present and saraswati basin dried up
slowly with the seismic lift up of the river basin area. where at present we can
see the underground water flow is still existing well near to the ground levels
though in other place water level has well deep down and some places too deep to
irrigate. so government also trying to revive that by putting water back in the
Rann of the Kutch and also make a fresh water sarovar by Narmada water in the
little ran of kutch. as that area is just as sea level on GPS readings. and
Narmada water can flow to sea levelled small Rann of the kutch just by
gravitation only.
Only we might loose an area of NANDA in little Rann of the Kutch which is reach
for its speciality of wild life and habitant for lesser flamingo nursery and
Wild ass -Gudkhar.
Black mountain is the highest mountain range of the kutch mountains ranges. and
guru datatreya is the highest peak of those range. But even at that highest peak
we find variety of fossils ranging from marine origin and corals to vegetative
and fresh water fish and bones. means those have been formed at different time
scales but those looks superimposed and formed twice as phase two fossil
formation. and later nature and weather has exposed them in a single place and
at the same time.
still some area is inaccessible as water and salt make it not explorable, that
area remains the reserved biosphere holding the secretes of the origin of the
life and research needs to be carried out in that respect. government has
proposed plan for that in more details will be in other parts of mail discussion
in the fossils of the great rann of the Kutch.
ADD on formation of the kutch eastern land rivers & fresh water fossils - Ramvav
Fossils .Plants, Animals, Brachiopods, Gastropods, Belemnites, Corals, Bony
fish.
2) Western Kutch - Abadasa Vamoti Hills and Lakhpat MatanoMad hills and
kateshwar area:- the area of Abadasa shows the lift up in late cretaceous. and
so formation of land has fossil formation of the Sea Shells - (Blowing Shanks)
of that time and also formation of fossil fuel - we have explored area before 25
years for about two years on our routine work schedules and we found a fossil
fuel oozing out of the ground and vaporising and leaving the distinct sign of
the oily marks on the sand of the area between Prajau and Vadapadhhar Near
JAKHAU. and drilling exploration work will start for oil exploration in that sea
shore are.
Lakhpat is also rich in the fossil area not only for marine life but also fresh
water animal shells and also on Pollen fossil formation, giving clues of the
vegetations on that area and also water - fresh water and its life and also
marine evidences for the formation of the land of the area. and vegetative and
pollen fossils are suggestive of early plant life. Murchban area near Matano
mad and Mad kotada (MatanoMad hills ) is also rich in coral fossils as well as
fresh water animal shell fossil. lakhpat coal mine area is having not only
fossil fuel but also suggestive of the forests in the Kutch during that time and
giant pre Jurassic animal fossils of giant crocodilian. a skeleton of
crocodilian from coal mine (pre Jurassic crocodile ancestors) used to be giant
size of 9 to 12 meters (unlike today's 3-4 meter size crocodiles) long giant
crocodilian who used to prey on dinosaur's ancestors.
As that was the time scale of cretaceous/jurasic bondary time - forests in the
kutch and that forest was formed in to coal mine and those crocodilian are used
to be giant at that time, those findings are conclusive. and if any mistakes
are made to date less than that time needs correction. if any carbon dating
methods used for dating as carbon dating is not effective and not a correct
method for long time dating of millions of years. carbon dating can be used for
shorter time scales correctively and effectively as it has shorter half life
time. (time in 10000s to 100,000s years are effective way to use carbon dating
methods).
ADD on NAND nanu, Murchaban fossils and fresh water fossils.
3) Northern Kutch : Black mountain range and Kaurbet - Mori bet area. The whole
range formed much later than the main land kutch and whole of the of the great
Rann of Kutch was originally part of undersea land. later lift up of northern
hill range along with black mountain of the Kutch was formed and is full of the
fossil history of the area. and is as rich as Khatrod range fossils. later that
sea bottom was up lifted with gradual seismic lift up and holding the clues of
the undisturbed fossilised history of the formation of that time scale. With the
formation of the Himalayas and formation of the river Sindhu and Saraswati
(Ghaghara hakkar) water flew to the south towards the kutch in the Rann of the
kutch forming a fresh water lake reserve where there used to be sea water and
sea water moved back due to lift up of the Rann area. so we do find the old
fossils of marine shells and coral fossils as well as fresh water fish bones and
shells and also vegetation of the land and pollen fossil formation and also land
dinosaurs fossils in kaurbet dating back not only to Jurassic but also pre
Jurassic 178 mn years back - Dino fossils back to cretaceous period and also
fossil fuel formation - by Dr Daas on ONGC exploration drilling in Kunvar bet in
1999
We found variety of fossils in single place and also in different places.
kaurbet -Kunvar bet and moribet was land area surrounded by fresh water of
Sindhu saraswati. and the area was vegetative and so pre-Jurassic/Jurassic
animals were living in that land area. and findings of 178 mn years old
bones/tooth fossils by Dr Daas during drilling in the kunvar bet area on ONGC
mission in 1999 are confirmative. at that time origin of the flow of the water
of Sindhu / saraswati was not the Himalaya as that time that source was not
there at all. water from the Indian continental plate was the source of the
water and later with the formation of Himalayas and new tributaries joined those
existing water channels to form the famous rivers of Sindhu saraswati.
With the gradual lift up of the area of river basins shifted the course of
sindhu towards the west where it is at the present and saraswati basin dried up
slowly with the seismic lift up of the river basin area. where at present we can
see the underground water flow is still existing well near to the ground levels
though in other place water level has well deep down and some places too deep to
irrigate. so government also trying to revive that by putting water back in the
Rann of the Kutch and also make a fresh water sarovar by Narmada water in the
little ran of kutch. as that area is just as sea level on GPS readings. and
Narmada water can flow to sea levelled small Rann of the kutch just by
gravitation only.
Only we might loose an area of NANDA in little Rann of the Kutch which is reach
for its speciality of wild life and habitant for lesser flamingo nursery and
Wild ass -Gudkhar.
Black mountain is the highest mountain range of the kutch mountains ranges. and
guru datatreya is the highest peak 1437 ft of those range. But even at that
highest peak we find variety of fossils ranging from marine origin and corals to
vegetative and fresh water fish and bones. means those have been formed at
different time scales but those looks superimposed and formed twice as phase two
fossil formation. and later nature and weather has exposed them in a single
place and at the same time.
still some area is inaccessible as water and salt make it not explorable, that
area remains the reserved biosphere holding the secretes of the origin of the
life and research needs to be carried out in that respect. government has
proposed plan for that in more details will be in other parts of mail discussion
in the fossils of the great rann of the Kutch.
ADD on formation of the kutch Northern land rivers & fresh water fossils - Black
mountain/ great Rann of Kutch Fossils Dholo - Pachchhmi, Jhura range hills.
4) RANN of the Kutch & Salt lake of the RAN of the Kutch:- From West to East -
Koteshshwar, Narayan sarovar, Lakhapat , kateshwar range, Kaur bet, Mori bet
VigaKot, northern edge of Black mountains , Pachham range, Vagad - area Chobari,
Ekalmata, khadir range fossils.
As the area is isolated - Difficult to disturb is well preserved by human
activity and as restricted to human activity and under the control of BSF and
military forces for the security reasons. But with request to special
exploration with BSF we explored the area of Not only the Black mountain range
but also deep to the limit to the national boundary in the desert. Including
area of Kaur -Kunvar bet , Mori bet and deep to VigaKot and found the evidences
of fossilised marine and fresh water life fossils.
We took the teams of the selected students along with teachers to introduce the
area. for purpose of the History and introducing our borders and also
exploration and study science and geology of the area. as time permitted we
realised that we need to visit again that area to complete the work. and
suddenly commanding officer of the area realised our visit and CO of BSF visited
us to take us to those place again to revisit that area with their team and
collaborate them to explore and investigate those are. so as to full fill both
activity - reinvestigation and exploration of the area and introduce an share
the resources and collaborate the exploration and investigation with BSF and
science group of India
ADD on formation of the kutch RANN & rivers & fresh water fossils - Rann of
kutch fossils, fish and animals fresh water and marine. Plants, Brachiopods,
Gastropods, Corals, worms, crinoids, Bony fish, dinosaurs,
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
SCIENTIFIC CORRESPONDENCE
CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 84, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY 2003 21
Possible errors in historical dates: Error in correction from Julian to
Gregorian calendars We have studied five major historical events reported
between 1630 and 1680 AD, where detailed references to the stars in the night
sky are available. We show that the descriptions of the star patterns at that
time are off by exactly ten days.
For example, the solar eclipse reported in one example to occur on 20 March 1680
in fact occurred on 30 March 1680 according to the current (Gregorian) calendar.
This is checked using a computer simulation package (SkyMap Pro) and Oppelzer's
Canon of Eclipses1. We attribute this error in dating historical event(s) due to
the switchover from Julian to Gregorian calendars in the latter half of the 18th
century. Important events in Indian history are dated to an accuracy of a
specific date that is calculated based on the documentation of a specific
period(s) and historical references. However, it is often difficult to verify
these dates by independent means since historical references do not often carry
independent markers. However, documents on comparatively recent Indian history
often give detailed description of astronomical events, which can be
independently verified using modern software programs designed using data from
high precision astrometry satellites like Hipparcos and Tycho. It is observed
that while writing the history of Shivaji Maharaj, nearly all the evidences are
written according to the Julian calendar. Due to many defects, this calendar was
reformed by Pope Gregory in 1582 AD and it was announced that after 4 October
the next date will not be 5 October but 15 October.
Hence ten days were deleted from the Julian calendar, which is now named as the
Gregorian calendar. The Catholic community immediately accepted this change but
the Protestants, including the British accepted it only after 170 years, that is
on 2 September 1752 AD. They took the next day as 14 September 1752 AD. This has
a difference of 11 days because in the 170 years the difference between the two
calendars increased from 10 days to 11 days. As the Protestants were ruling many
countries across the world, such countries continued to use the Julian calendar
till that time. In India also all the history written by British historians is
according to the Julian calendar up to 1752 AD. Julius Caesar introduced the
Julian calendar and put it in practice in 45 BC.
The duration of a year in his calendar was 365.25 days as found by the
Egyptians. It differs from both the sidereal period Nakshatra varsha of 365.2564
days used in India and the tropical year of seasons equal to 365.2422 days. The
two differ because Vernal Equinox (ascending node of earth's orbit) moves
backwards, that is towards the west due to the precession of the earth's axis of
rotation around ecliptic poles at the rate of about 1 degree in 72 years. This
produces a difference of 1 day in about 71 years in the Indian calendar, and of
1 day in 128 years in the Julian calendar. In 325 AD, the sun used to enter
Vernal Equinox on 21 March. In the Julian calendar therefore, it was declared
that 21 March will be the Vernal Equinox day and it was related to the
resurrection of Christ. However, the error due to precession was not taken into
account while fixing this date. By the late 1500s the discrepancy became marked.
In 1582 AD, i.e. in 1258 years, the sun started entering the Vernal Equinox ten
days earlier (1258 × 0.0078 = 9.8 days). So on 11 March the sun entered the
Vernal Equinox point. To correct this problem, Pope Gregory cancelled ten days
of that year and after 4 October 1582 the next day was declared as 15 October
1582. The period of Gregorian calendar is 365.2425 days. So, there is still a
difference of 0.0003 days. In spite of this, for the next 3000 years the sun
will enter Vernal Equinox near 21 March2. In the history of Shivaji Maharaj,
historians have converted the moon's position (Tithi) into Julian dates.
However, after the British left, India has continued to use the Gregorian
calendar introduced by the British in 1752. So, from 1582 to 1752 AD the
difference of 10 or 11 days is also reflected in the calculation of Tithi. As a
result, by Julian calendar 20 March 1680 was new moon, but by Gregorian calendar
it was on 30 March 1680. This is highlighted in the records of events associated
with the life and times of Shivaji Maharaj. A difference of ten days is also
noted in the eclipse of January 1665 and August 1673, in the dates of stone
inscriptions of Karnataka3.
According to historians4, the date of birth of Shivaji Maharaj was in the month
of Falgun and the Tithi was Vadya Tritiya. Bhavar, Baneda and Bikaner horoscopes
of Shivaji Maharaj indicate that he was born on Sinha Lagna5. Time of birth
mentioned in Jedhe Shakavali and Shivabharata volumes yields Simha lagna only.
This is three days after the full moon day of the month of Falgun.
This also means that the moon was near the asterism Purva or Uttara Falguni (in
Leo) when it was full and after three days, it was in Hasta (Corvus) or Chitra
(Spica) in Virgo asterism. Also, three days after the full moon day, the moon
must have risen 156 min (52 × 3) later than on full moon night. So the moonrise
must be approximately at 9 p.m. At that time the rising zodiacal constellation
was Virgo. But the birth time of Shivaji Maharaj was in the evening, after
sunset. So at that time the earlier constellation
Leo must be rising on the eastern horizon.
In the history of Shivaji Maharaj, his birthday is mentioned as 19 February
1630. However, the above references do not match with the star patterns on this
date as extrapolated back in the Gregorian calendar. They match very precisely
on 1 March 1630 (ten days later). Another and probably more accurate example is
the partial solar eclipse visible from fort Raigad in the year 1680. In the
various biographies of Shivaji Maharaj, it is mentioned that partial solar
eclipse was visible on 20 March 1680.
From the Gregorian calendar there were no chances of an eclipse on that day
because the sun was in Pisces and moon was in Libra. But on 30 March 1680, an
eclipse did occur. It was in the constellation of Pisces. From Raigad the
eclipse started at 4 h 37 min in the evening. The sun was 30 degrees above the
horizon. The mid-eclipse time was 5 h 41 min in the evening. The sun was only 15
degrees above the horizon. The eclipse ended at time 6 h 38 m in the evening
when the sun was only 1.5 degrees above horizon1. This observation exactly
matches with the documented history. Table 1 gives many other events in the life
of Shivaji Maharaj, which confirm our observations. All the tithis are taken
from ref. 4.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Science and Astronomy,
Regarding the last subject of our Ancient Planetary Panchang calendar some still
have doubts and raised Positive /Negative question regarding subjects as
follows. Though we can not teach them this way but definitely guide them if they
wish to study the subject them selves and work them selves out.
Comment 1)
I am surprised to hear that year 2006 started 3 days late and none in the
astronomy community noticed this. Surprising ! BTW, how can we tell that it
was 3 days late? I mean what is the reference point? Another thing just out of
curiosity is that, how these events in the panchang are recorded? Are these data
derived from actual observations, calculations or are those taken from astronomy
community?
Comment 2)
Old indian astronomical records are good, and fairly accurate. but that does not
mean we should think that they are the best observed values ever. The gregorian
calendar is used becuase it is pretty simple, as well as widely used - imagine
having learnt only the shaka system in india and going abroad to suddenly find
the rest of the world using the gregorian
calendar, or even worse, each country using their own calendar !
Comment 3)
1. How nutation is measured by naked eyes observation? 2. How rahu and ketu are
tracked. ( i have background knowledge....so please be as technical as u can)
Again, I have no objection on the beauty of panchang system. I believe it was
the best system over widest range of time.
Very interesting if they are realy study self / work them out only, I am pleased
that some are still interested about the ancient system of the planetary
calendar and timings. But just raising a question /doubt does not full fill that
all. one has to work hard and by selves to evolve and do the job by self by
actually visiting those places and WORKING there. SUN TEMPLEs are perfect
examples of calculation time day , months & seasons and orbits of Sun and
planetary aspects and eclipse. Ancient Observatories are perfect for
astronomical measurements and measuring all the aspects of planetary science and
timings, Eclipses and Rahu and Ketu and its movements and timings of orbits
crossing points of SUN and Moon planetary orbits.
More mathematically it has been well explained in a Rare and recently
unavailable book of "Spherical astronomy" book by W.M. SMART - MANY BOOKS ARE
NOT in the market and so many use only photocopied pages of those books. though
the books are more formulated and not a ready resource like an internet browse
and data copy /download data. may be difficult to understand or work with a
applied own brain.
TEXTBOOK ON SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY W.M. SMART 4 1956
TEXTBOOK ON SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY W.M. SMART 5 1971
TEXTBOOK ON SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY W.M. SMART R.M. GREEN (Re.) 6 1977
and translated to "GOLIYA KHAGOL VIGYAN" by University Granth Nirman Board -
may be available in many old science libraries. Government of India has produced
last report of Report of the "PANCHANG SANSODHAN" also in Gujarati copy
"PANCHANG SANSODHAN samiti aheval" explaining how different panchangs were
evolved and how it works. That's again a rare report and not available
ordinarily but had to trace that by self and not just to read but to
study/calculate it. Recently an Indian Astronomer published a report on new
years day saying that "believe me or not this is not a new year day 1/1/2006 but
4/1/2006" but no body even noticed that comment and how could any one notice
that as long as they also do not have any thing to understand that statement or
to comment on not negatively but positively.
I am really pleased that many modern astronomy workers are returning to study
back from those ancient astronomical archaeological monuments. though after many
hard discussions One of such DELHI Planetarium had very good activity @ Delhi
Jantar Mantar and really thanks to Dr Ratnaji. who sincerely realised the
importance of that and carried out many activity in Delhi during Venus transit
2004. all doubts and discussion are available in message groups
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
During Moguls empire time most of such monuments are destroyed by aggressions
(12 to 15 century) Western occupation by application of forcibly western
calendar system and gradually discarding the traditional Planetary calendars (16
to 19 century) and rest we are still carrying it out after independence.
We do have many Ancient Astronomical archaeological places such as JANTAR
MANTARs , VEDH SHALAs, Sun TEMPLEs of most are either destroyed or at the brisk
of non use. Unluckily all such monuments either destroyed or in non working
situation because of most of do not know about their working methods or
restricted use of those. Many do visits those for just for interest of only
Visiting / photography but never do any observations work there because of
ignorance of the subjects. please do not take any thing personal bur There is
one Kahavat "Hiro GHOGHE jai aavyo ane Deli ye HAATh dai aavyo" where "Gogha" is
the Port of "GHOGHA" in BHAVNAGAR.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Science and Astronomy,
We generally used to believe that new Gregorian calendar is more stable and easy
to understand and predict. But that's because we just know only that and do not
see our old PANCHANG as westerners has discarded and so we followed them blindly
too. But the Dates are not correct and so actually new year day 1/1/06 was 3
days late and that was actual 4/1/06 as Sun position in the sky star map for new
year positioned before 3 days. Not only that in 19 Century 1878 actual
astronomically Moon and Sun positioned for DIWALI early on 27Sept.
1) 14/10/1878 kartak krushnapaksha trutiya somvar Sanvat 1935 means Diwali was
27/28Sept.
2) 01/10/1883 ashvin krishnapaksha amavasya somvar Sanvat 1940 Diwali
As no one can change the positions of Moon and the Sun the most stable calendar
is adapted in our ancient life. But with only a new calendar make to understand
it more difficult. Do not be confused let me give an simple example.
Why the predictions of Eclipses become difficult with new calendars. because
unsynchronised with the Sun and Planetary aspects. if we ask any one to predict
eclipses most of will struggle to do so with new dates. and as we are not in
touch with our ancient calendar system.
But with our Ancient Panchang Calendars it is very easy to predict if we are in
touch with that type of Calendars and used to it. e.g. all solar eclipse are
regularly follows every year of lunar Months (AND ADJUSTED MONTH - after 2007,
every 3 years). And Solar Eclipse is on AMAVSYA only not following Dates - so
there is simple tradition to follow that. That's why record do exist that
Mahabharat was having a Total Solar ECLIPSE. but now with new calendars ONLY
fools do say that some one else just predicted eclipse correctly!!!
Take some examples of recent Solar eclipses as follows:-
2005 April 8 Friday Annular-Total 100.8% 0m46.8s Partial: New Zealand, Pacific
Ocean, Central and Southern America, Southern and Eastern part of USA
Total: Pacific Ocean
Annular: Costa Rica, Panama, Columbia, Venezuela,
2005 October 3 Monday Annular 95.8 % 4m26.4s Partial: Europe, Africa,
South-West Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Indian Ocean
Annular: Portugal, Spain, Algeria, Tunesia, Libya, Chad, Sudan,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia
2006 March 29 Wednesday Total 105.2% 4m10.9s Partial: Eastern parts of
Brazil, Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa, Asia
Total: Brazil, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Libya, Egypt,
Turkey, Georgia, Russia, Kazakstan, (Mongolia)
2006 September 22 Friday Annular 93.6% 7m04.2s Partial: South America,
Atlantic Ocean, Western and Southern Africa, Antarctica
Annular: Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil
2007 March 19 Monday Partial 84.4% Partial: Asia, Alaska
2007 September 11 Tuesday Partial 79.5% Partial: South America,
Antarctica
There is a Good Chance to watch the total Solar eclipse 2006 March 29 Wednesday,
13h 56m 00s but only with due CARE. As the area is geologically unstable and
needs heath security and beware of Avian flue cross infections.
New developments going to happen
Kharoi Villega Museum development @
http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/gsa/20051205/guj/gujarat/news54.html
Rann of Kutch as Biosphere reservation @
http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/gsa/20051206/guj/gujarat/news52.html
MatanoMAD and narayan sarovar Tourism development @
http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/gsa/20051207/guj/gujarat/news53.html
Sun
Time:
2006 March 29 Wednesday, 13h 56m 00s
JD: 2453823.9555605 TDT: 2453823.9563113 deltaT: 64.87 sec
Apparent sideral time: Local: 1h 25m 33.252s Greenwich: 23h 22m 50.052s
(All times in EEST, UTC+03:00, topocentric data for User Site, Turkey)
Carrington rotation with number 2041 started at 14. Mar. 2006, 16:55:41 EET
Geocentric:
True distance: 0.9984608 AU Light time: 0h 08m 18.2s
Equatorial Coordinates
Apparent: R.A. 0h 31m 38.5s Dec. + 3d 24' 53.9"
Ecliptical Coordinates
Geometric: Lon. 8d 37' 04.8" Lat. - 0d 00' 00.1" (mean equinox,
ecliptic of date)
At zenith: Lon. 17d 12' 07" Lat. + 3d 24' 54" (WGS84 coordinates)
Topocentric:
Airfree coordinates
Altitude: 54.2857 deg Azimuth: 203.4891 deg Direction:
South-Southwest SSW
Astrometric: R.A. 0h 31m 19.3s Dec. + 3d 22' 44.4" (J2000)
Apparent: R.A. 0h 31m 38.4s Dec. + 3d 24' 49.0"
Coordinates including refraction
Altitude: 54.30 deg Azimuth: 203.49 deg Direction: South-Southwest
SSW
Apparent: R.A. 0h 31m 39s Dec. + 3d 25' 29"
Rises: 6h 48.1m (Azimuth: 85.2° E)
Transit: 13h 02m 06.4s (Altitude: +56.50°)
Sets: 19h 16.7m (Azimuth: 275.0° W)
Time above horizon: 12h 28.7m
In constellation Pisces (Psc)
In zodiac sign Aries, 8.6°
Physical:
Diameter: + 0d 32' 02.25"
Visual magnitude: -27.0 mag
Sub-Earth Phi: -6.68 deg, Lambda: 164.4 deg (CM Central Meridian)
Carrington Rotation Number: 2041
PositionAngle of axis: 333.97 deg (from North to East)
Position Angle of axis: 315.22 deg (from Zenith to East)
Print
Local Circumstances for Solar Eclipse (or Transit)
Wednesday 29 March 2006 Time Object Event
12h37m34.6s Partial Solar Eclipse begins
Position angle=226.1°, Position angle vertex=235.0°, Altitude=56.0°,
Azimuth=169.0° S
13h54m25.7s Umbra eclipse begins
Position angle=193.1°, Position angle vertex=174.9°, Altitude=54.4°,
Azimuth=202.8° SSW
13h56m00.4s Maximum eclipse: Total Solar Eclipse
Magnitude=105.019%, Obscuration=100.000%
Separation=27.29", Position angle=137.5°, Position angle
vertex=118.8°, Altitude=54.3°, Azimuth=203.5° SSW,
Duration partial phase=2.59 hours Duration total/annular phase=3.15
minutes, ET-UT=64.9sec
?Load path of the Total Solar Eclipse into Google Earth
13h57m34.9s Umbra eclipse ends
Position angle=82.1°, Position angle vertex=62.8°, Altitude=54.2°,
Azimuth=204.1° SSW
15h12m47.2s Partial Solar Eclipse ends
Position angle=49.7°, Position angle vertex=11.8°, Altitude=45.1°,
Azimuth=229.7° SW
Export to Outlook/PDA Print
Current Local Data of Eclipse
Total Solar Eclipse
Magnitude=105.019%, Obscuration=100.000%,
Position angle=137.5° Position angle vertex=118.8°, Altitude=54.3°,
Azimuth=203.5° SSW
Separation=27.3", 0.0284 Sun Radi,
dRA=18.4", 0.0192 Sun Radi, dDec=-20.1", -0.0209 Sun Radi
Maximum eclipse: Total Solar Eclipse
Magnitude=105.019%, Obscuration=100.000%
Separation=27.29", Position angle=137.5°, Position angle
vertex=118.8°, Altitude=54.3°, Azimuth=203.5° SSW,
Duration partial phase=2.59 hours Duration total/annular phase=3.15
minutes, ET-UT=64.9sec
?Load path of the Total Solar Eclipse into Google Earth
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Geology and science , Wish you all a very happy and prosparous
new year 2006
Geology expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH - Main land Kutch and its main
Rivers Khari Pur river basins.
Fossil also has lifespan, as it takes time to form, it also get destroyed as
time pass, weather and nature destroys them as time goes on and so after 500
-600 million years later fossils are difficult to trace or identify them. So if
we do not find any fossils beyond the time 1bn years old does not mean that
there was no life. Life was there too and may be fossilised later and eventually
may have destroyed those fossilised evidences as time ticks on.
Kutch is believed to be such main land which was part of Original Gondwana land
(JUMBU DWIP). and so as fossils of the area does suggest that. but that goes
back only to the certain period of the time limit. But scientist and Vedas do
agree that fife was existing well before that. (Both views are in favour of life
origin was started before 2bn years back). so where are those evidences and
fossils? naturally nature has power to regenerate and destroy itself.
ADD on formation of the kutch main land & rivers & Marine fossils - Khatrod
range of Fossils, Wood Fossils and Pre Jurassic animal bones and eggs fossils.
1) Main land Kutch and Main land river basin - KHARI & Zadko Zadki : -As main
land kutch was the original and part of Original Gondwana land (JUMBU DWIP) it
has secretes held in it. and its main land river basins. Main land Kutch and its
main Rivers Khari Pur river basins are explored and exploration work gave some
very interesting results. As main land is the oldest land of Kutch - most
probably all fossilised and evidential may have been destroyed by nature. and so
to examine the fact we visited to the areas of hills and layers of rivers KHARI
- Pur & ZADKO ZADKI.
Naturally we find difficulty to trace any fossilised evidences in that area of
hills of Bhuj and Bhujio and Khari river basin and Zadko zadki. but just 2-3 km
south we find fossils in Fatel Talav means during the lift up of the Khartol
Range some concealed sea water remained there and later formation of marine
fossils of that time - later than the Khatrol fossils formation. we will carry
on finding further evidences and if we succeed to find any thing contradictory
to present beliefs in the layers of the mainland and near Bhuj hill area or in
the layers of rivers of the main land - Khari - Zadko - zadki, will need to
bring in to the light.
To the east we visited the Gado and Chandruvo - Jandhario in the area of main
land Kutch. but some excavation work revealed some shell fossils formed in fresh
water. which may have been formed later than the main land formation. which is
much younger than the original Main land and Khatrod range fossils of Marine
life. But if any evidential - fossilised thing can be found on the main land
area of kutch or in the layers River KHARI - Pur & Zadko Zadki of main land
rivers will help to trace the original life evolution not only the Kutch but on
the Earth. So as the undisturbed are of the great Rann of the Kutch in the North
of the Kutch and its boundaries will give an evidential clues of the origin of
the life on the Earth. as it is still preserved in undisturbed situation in its
original BIOSPHERE. and so its has been requested to reserve the area of
Biosphere along with reservation of fossil area of Lanki hills, Khatrod range.
ADD on formation of the kutch main land & rivers & Marine fossils - Khatrod
range of Fossils, Wood Fossils and Pre Jurassic animal bones and eggs fossils.
Habbo Hills, Chadava hills, Lanki hills fossils, Kathrod Range fossils. Trace
fossils, Plants, Animals, Vertebrates/invertebrates, Brachiopods, Gastropods,
jellyfish, Belemnites, Ammonites, Corals, squids, fish, cro amphibians, and
turtles.
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Docs and science friends,
Cell transplant may cure diabetes Trials of a new treatment for diabetes
could lead to a cure for the disease within 10 years, researchers say.
Doctors at Oxford's Churchill Hospital are trying to perfect the
transplant of insulin-producing clusters of pancreas cells (islets) into
patients' livers.
The cells then enable the patient to make their own insulin, which
regulates blood sugar levels, like non-diabetics.
It is hoped the new treatment may end the need for patients to have
pancreas transplants or daily insulin jabs.
By reversing diabetes we hope that we will prevent the long term
conditions of the disease ... such as blindness and kidney failure
Paul Johnson
Director of islet transplantation programme
The research team hopes its trials, in adult patients with type 1
diabetes, will lead within the next five to 10 years to the perfecting of a
simple operation that can reverse the condition in both children and adults.
The technique involves the removal of the clusters of cells - known as
islets - from a donated pancreas in highly sterile conditions.
The cells are then injected directly into the patient's liver in what is a
fairly simple procedure.
Director of the islet transplant programme and expert in paediatric
surgery Mr Paul Johnson said: "The real advantage of islet transplantation in
the future is that we hope we will be able to prevent children from having to
have regular insulin injections.
"Also in the long term by reversing diabetes we hope that we will prevent
the long-term conditions of the disease which develop 20 to 30 years later such
as blindness and kidney failure."
Currently, the cell transplant requires high doses of anti-rejection drugs
which present a danger to children.
Daily injections
So before they can even by trialled in young people, a process where these
drugs are not needed has to be developed, Mr Johnson said.
Although his team also hopes to revolutionise treatment within the next
decade, they acknowledge the process is still "quite inefficient".
The trials are taking place at a new Ł1.2 million facility funded by the
Diabetes Research and Wellness Foundation (DRWF) based within the Oxford Centre
for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Here, the focus is on ensuring exceptional levels of cleanliness and staff
have to pass through rooms which become progressively cleaner.
The transplant technique was originally pioneered by researchers from
Oxford University and more recently improved by a team in Edmonton, Canada.
DRWF executive director Sarah Bone said her organisation had funded the
research facility because of its potential benefit to child patients.
'Everything to us'
She said it was important diabetics were given some hope and that it was
thought a cure could be found within five to 10 years.
She said: "They (diabetics) need some hope, they need to have something to
work towards. It's good for us to be able to give them some information about
islet cell transplantation."
Six-year-old Emily Bates has had to have daily insulin injections since
she was 16-months-old.
Her mother Jane Bates, of West Hendred, near Oxford, said they were very
intrusive to her daughter's daily life and were difficult to administer.
She said of the potential breakthrough: "It means everything to us.
"To think that by the time she is a young women she won't have to have all
these restrictions on her."
Jo Brodie, Islet project co-ordinator at Diabetes UK, said the new
purpose-built facility would enable researchers to build on the initial islet
research it had funded.
"Research carried out at the facility will also help further our
understanding of what causes diabetes, taking us another step closer in finding
a cure."
Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Astronomy Space and science,
Watch the launch
The US space agency, Nasa, has successfully launched its New Horizons
mission to Pluto.
The probe lifted off at 1900 GMT aboard an Atlas 5 rocket on a 10-year
journey to the planet, which lies more than five billion km from Earth.
The $700m probe will gather information on Pluto and its moons before - it
is hoped - pressing on to explore other objects in the outer Solar System.
Pluto is the only remaining planet that has never been visited by a
spacecraft.
The spacecraft was launched after being postponed for two consecutive days
due to bad weather and technical difficulties.
On Tuesday, controllers stood down the flight due to high winds at the
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station pad in Florida.
Then a power failure at the Maryland laboratory managing the mission
forced that launch attempt to be halted.
Slingshot manoeuvre
Sending up the probe before 3 February means it will be in position to
swing by Jupiter on its way to Pluto.
New Horizons will use Jupiter's gravity to pick up speed in a slingshot
manoeuvre.
Mission Guide: New Horizons
This will increase the probe's speed away from the Sun by nearly 4km/s,
allowing the spacecraft to reach the ninth planet by July 2015.
If the launch had been pushed beyond the 3 February, the probe would have
been required to take a direct route to Pluto, arriving in 2018 at the earliest.
Some astronomers say Pluto is not a true planet at all, and should be
classed instead alongside the small, icy objects which make up the region of
space known as the Kuiper Belt.
This region, which lies beyond Neptune, consists of perhaps tens of
thousands of icy objects spread out between 30 and 50 times the distance between
the Earth and the Sun.
Double planet
Pluto is thought by some to form a "double planet" with its companion
Charon.
New Horizons will fly by Pluto and Charon on the same day. The
spacecraft's seven instruments will carry out detailed mapping of Pluto's
surface features, composition and atmosphere.
"The probe will map the composition of materials on the surface of Pluto
[and Charon], which will help tell us what molecules were present during the
formation of this system," Dr Stephen Lowry of Queen's University in Belfast,
UK, told the BBC News website.
After the Pluto encounter, it is up to Nasa to decide whether to grant the
spacecraft an extended mission. Should this happen, mission scientists plan to
send New Horizons to visit two Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) with diameters of 50km
(30 miles) or more.
Scientists believe they can learn about the evolution of the Solar System
by studying the Kuiper Belt since it possesses debris left over form its
formation.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Geology and science , Wish you all a very happy and prosparous
new year 2006
Geology expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH - Main land Kutch and its main
Rivers Khari Pur river basins.
Fossil also has lifespan, as it takes time to form, it also get destroyed as
time pass, weather and nature destroys them as time goes on and so after 500
-600 million years later fossils are difficult to trace or identify them. So if
we do not find any fossils beyond the time 1bn years old does not mean that
there was no life. Life was there too and may be fossilised later and eventually
may have destroyed those fossilised evidences as time ticks on.
Kutch is believed to be such main land which was part of Original Gondwana land
(JUMBU DWIP). and so as fossils of the area does suggest that. but that goes
back only to the certain period of the time limit. But scientist and Vedas do
agree that fife was existing well before that. (Both views are in favour of life
origin was started before 2bn years back). so where are those evidences and
fossils? naturally nature has power to regenerate and destroy itself.
South of Kutch (Mandvi rural - Mundra and rural area ):- Southern part of the
Kutch was lifted after the lift up of the Khatrod range and so is younger than
the Main land kutch and so holds clues of Jurassic time and boundary period of
the Jurassic/cretaceous time. Along with Anjar and its lake - and surrounding
hold clues Jurassic time Dinosaurs. South of Khatrod range marine fossils, wood
fossils and vegetative fossils suggesting whole history of lift of the land from
the bottom of the sea and formation of the jungles in the area in the cretaceous
time and also Jurassic time bone fossils gives whole time scale of the formation
of land, forest and Jurassic animal living in the area in that time scale.
Lanki Hills Range and Khatrol kills has not only Marine finger prints of the
formation of the land but also vegetative and Forest finger prints there after
and later Jurassic period animals. Southern costal region and its hill area has
rich treasure for Jurassic animals and egg fossils. Khatrol hill range has not
only marine finger prints but also rare form of the soft body fossils of marine
animals (While formation of fossils - animal soft body gets decayed and so
fossil formation happens only for shells of the body or bones and eggs shells -
but in rare cases in favourable situations only Soft body fossils can be formed
) long back to Pre Jurassic and up to 220mn yeras back, and there after
cretaceous fossils. so its suggestive that the seismic changes has happens
frequently and periodically and transformation process is still active.
ADD on formation of the kutch southern land rivers & Marine fossils - Wood
Fossils and Jurassic animal bones and eggs fossils. Roha Hills area. coastal
hill range findings. Plants, Animals, Vertebrates/invertebrates, Belemnites,
Ammonites, Corals, urchins, starfish, brittle stars, mammals, and turtles.
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Geology and science ,
Wish you all a very Happy Makar Sankranti and UttarAyan.
Geology expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH.
Fossil also has lifespan, as it takes time to form, it also get destroyed as
time pass, weather and nature destroys them as time goes on and so after 500
-600 million years later fossils are difficult to trace or identify them. So if
we do not find any fossils beyond the time 1bn years old does not mean that
there was no life. Life was there too and may be fossilised later and eventually
may have destroyed those fossilised evidences as time ticks on.
Kutch is believed to be such main land which was part of Original Gondwana land
(JUMBU DWIP). and so as fossils of the area does suggest that. but that goes
back only to the certain period of the time limit. But scientist and Vedas do
agree that fife was existing well before that. (Both views are in favour of life
origin was started before 2bn years back). so where are those evidences and
fossils? naturally nature has power to regenerate and destroy itself.
To the East we visited the Gado and Chandruvo - Jandhario in the area of main
land Kutch. but some excavation work revealed some shell fossils formed in fresh
water. which may have been formed later than the main land formation. which is
much younger than the original Main land and Khatrol range fossils of Marine
life. But if any evidential - fossilised thing can be found on the main land
area of kutch or in the layers River KHARI - Pur & Zadko Zadki of main land
rivers will help to trace the original life evolution not only the Kutch but on
the Earth. So as the undisturbed are of the great Rann of the Kutch in the North
of the Kutch and its boundaries will give an evidential clues of the origin of
the life on the Earth. as it is still preserved in undisturbed situation in its
original BIOSPHERE. and so its has been requested to reserve the area of
Biosphere along with reservation of fossil area of Khatrod range.
Eastern kutch (VITHROI hills - SARSLALA Hills) : Vagad - Lime stone belt -
khadir and Chobari (Land of Pandavas) :- Rapar, Khadir and whole of the Great
RANN of the kutch - is also rich in the fossilised land area , wood fossils
vegetative Fossils holds clues for origin of the life on the Earth itself.
Chobari has fossilised marine and sea shore shell fossils. suggesting the area
lift up at a later stage than the main land kutch. Ramvav Fossils of fresh water
fishes and bones hold the clues for fresh water life later than the main land
formation. and soon government will proceed to reserve such an area in three
different parts, reserved Biosphere area , surrounded by research area and outer
expiration visiting area. Anjar area having fossilised clues for dinosaurs.
at the early time origin of the flow of the water of Sindhu / saraswati was not
the Himalaya, as that time that source was not there at all. water from the
Indian continental plate was the source of the water and later with the
formation of Himalayas and new tributaries joined those existing water channels
to form the famous rivers of Sindhu saraswati.
With the gradual lift up of the area of river basins shifted the course of
sindhu towards the west where it is at the present and saraswati basin dried up
slowly with the seismic lift up of the river basin area. where at present we can
see the underground water flow is still existing well near to the ground levels
(in Ekal mata, Kali Ramvav, Khedoi in Anjar) though in other place water level
has well deep down and some places too deep to irrigate. so government also
trying to revive that by putting water back in the Rann of the Kutch and also
make a fresh water sarovar by Narmada water in the little raan of kutch. as that
area is just as sea level on GPS readings. and Narmada water can flow to sea
levelled small Rann of the kutch just by gravitation only.
Only we might loose an area of NANDA in little Rann of the Kutch which is reach
for its speciality of wild life and habitant for lesser flamingo nursery and
Wild ass -Gudkhar. still some area is inaccessible as water and salt make it not
explorable, that area remains the reserved biosphere holding the secretes of the
origin of the life and research needs to be carried out in that respect.
government has proposed plan for that in more details will be in other parts of
mail discussion in the fossils of the great rann of the Kutch.
ADD on formation of the kutch eastern land rivers & fresh water fossils -
chobari mountain fossils, Ramvav Fossils . Gedi and bhim guda needs exploration
in details and Bhanjano mountain in the middle of the salt lake of Rann in
khadir will be discussed at later stage with expiration of the Rann of the Kutch
and reserved biosphere. Plants, Animals, Brachiopods, Gastropods, Belemnites,
Corals, Bony fish. Early Eocene snakes of kutch, turtles and Amphibians.
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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